償う

償う

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
償
つぐな Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alteration of tsugunou below.[1]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) つぐな​う [tsùgúnáꜜù] (Nakadaka – [3])[2]
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝɡɯ̟ᵝna̠ɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

償(つぐな)う • (tsugunau) ^{←つぐなふ (tugunafu)?} transitive godan (stem 償(つぐな)い (tsugunai), past 償(つぐな)った (tsugunatta))

1. to compensate, make up for
2. to recompense, atone for
   • 1995 June 1 [Apr 17 1993], Kanari, Yōzaburō; Satō, Fumiya, “File 1: Opera Zakan Satsujin Jiken Go [File 1: The Opera House Murder Case #5]”, in Kindaichi Shōnen no Jikenbo [Young Kindaichi Case Files], volume 2 (fiction), 14th edition, Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 186:

     あ(・)の(・)二(ふた)人(り)そして早乙女(こいつ)は死(し)んで償(つぐな)うべきなんだ‼

     ANO futari soshite koitsu wa shinde tsugunaubeki nanda‼

     THOSE two and this bitch must die for their crime!!

Conjugation

Conjugation of "償う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	償わ	つぐなわ	tsugunawa
Continuative (連用形)	償い	つぐない	tsugunai
Terminal (終止形)	償う	つぐなう	tsugunau
Attributive (連体形)	償う	つぐなう	tsugunau
Hypothetical (仮定形)	償え	つぐなえ	tsugunae
Imperative (命令形)	償え	つぐなえ	tsugunae
Key constructions
Passive	償われる	つぐなわれる	tsugunawareru
Causative	償わせる 償わす	つぐなわせる つぐなわす	tsugunawaseru tsugunawasu
Potential	償える	つぐなえる	tsugunaeru
Volitional	償おう	つぐなおう	tsugunaō
Negative	償わない	つぐなわない	tsugunawanai
Negative continuative	償わず	つぐなわず	tsugunawazu
Formal	償います	つぐないます	tsugunaimasu
Perfective	償った	つぐなった	tsugunatta
Conjunctive	償って	つぐなって	tsugunatte
Hypothetical conditional	償えば	つぐなえば	tsugunaeba

Derived terms

• 償(つぐな)い金(きん) (tsugunaikin)
• 相(あい)償(つぐな)う (aitsugunau)
• 功罪(こうざい)相(あい)償(つぐな)う (kōzai ai tsugunau)
• 早(はや)池(ち)峰(ね)大(おお)償(つぐない)神楽(かぐら) (Hayachine Ōtsugunai Kagura)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
償
つぐの Grade: S
irregular

Verb

償(つぐの)う • (tsugunou) ^{←つぐのふ (tugunofu)?} transitive godan (stem 償(つぐの)い (tsugunoi), past 償(つぐの)った (tsugunotta))

1. (archaic, now nonstandard) Same as つぐなう (tsugunau) above
2. (archaic, obsolete) to use, utilize

Derived terms

• 償(つぐの)い金(きん) (tsugunoikin)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
償
まど Grade: S
irregular

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) まど​う [màdóꜜù] (Nakadaka – [2])[3]
• IPA^(key): [ma̠do̞ɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

償(まど)う • (madou) ^{←まどふ (madofu)?} transitive godan (stem 償(まど)い (madoi), past 償(まど)った (madotta))

1. (dialectal) to compensate

See also

• 弁(べん)償(しょう)する (benshō suru)
• まぶる (maburu)

References

1. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN