僭

See also: 僣

僭	U+50ED, 僭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50ED

← 僬
[U+50EC]

CJK Unified Ideographs

僮 →
[U+50EE]

Translingual

Han character

僭 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+12, 14 strokes, cangjie input 人一山日 (OMUA), four-corner 2526₁, composition ⿰亻朁)

assume, usurp

References

KangXi: page 117, character 26
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1128
Dae Jaweon: page 249, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 218, character 5
Unihan data for U+50ED

Chinese

trad.		僭
simp. ^#		僭
alternative forms		僣

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 僭

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Small seal script

**Small seal script**
s05830

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L33723

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (兓) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
簪	ʔsɯːm, ʔsrɯm
撍	ʔsluːm, ʔsluːmʔ, ʔsluːms, ʔsrum
鐕	*ʔsluːm
憯	sʰluːmʔ, sʰlɯːmʔ
噆	sʰluːmʔ, ʔsluːb
朁	sʰlɯːmʔ, zlam
蠶	*zluːm
蚕	zluːm, hl'iːnʔ
糣	*sluːmʔ
熸	*ʔslom
鬵	zlam, zɯm, *ljɯm
灊	zlam, zɯm, *ljɯm
潛	zlom, zloms
僭	*ʔslɯːms
兓	*sl'ɯm
嶜	*zlum
兂	*ʔsrɯm
譖	*ʔsrums

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zim³, cim³, cim⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
  - Wade–Giles: chien⁴
  - Yale: jyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
  - Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zim³, cim³, cim⁵
  - Yale: jim, chim, chíhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzim³, tsim³, tsim⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: jim³, qim³, qim⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːm³³/, /t͡sʰiːm³³/, /t͡sʰiːm¹³/

Middle Chinese: /t͡sem^H/

Rime
Character	僭
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	子念切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sem^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sem^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sɛm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sɛm^H/
Li Rong	/t͡sem^H/
Wang Li	/t͡siem^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡siem^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zim³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tsˤ[i]m-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔslɯːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	僭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsem^H ›
Old Chinese	/*tsˁ[i]m-s/
English	err
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	僭
Reading #	1/1
No.	6711
Phonetic component	兓
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	僭
Old Chinese	/*ʔslɯːms/

Definitions

僭

(literary) to usurp; to overstep; to assume

Compounds

僭上偪下
僭坐
僭妄 (jiànwàng)

僭越 (jiànyuè)
僭盜／僭盗
僭稱／僭称 (jiànchēng)

僭竊／僭窃
僭號／僭号
鳩僭鵲巢／鸠僭鹊巢

References

“僭”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

僭

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): せん (sen); しん (shin)
Kun: おごる (ogoru)

Korean

Hanja

僭 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am)

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Vietnamese

Han character

僭: Hán Nôm readings: tiếm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.