債

See also: 债

債	U+50B5, 債 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50B5

← 傴
[U+50B4]

CJK Unified Ideographs

傶 →
[U+50B6]

Translingual

Han character

債 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人手一金 (OQMC), four-corner 2528₆, composition ⿰亻責)

References

KangXi: page 114, character 26
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1022
Dae Jaweon: page 244, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 207, character 10
Unihan data for U+50B5

Chinese

trad.		債
simp.		债
alternative forms		責／责

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 債

**Small seal script**
s05920

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (朿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
債	ʔsreːɡs, ʔsreːɡ
積	ʔseɡs, ʔseɡ
刺	sʰeɡs, sʰeɡ
莿	sʰeːɡs, raːds
刾	*sʰeɡs
朿	*sʰeɡs
漬	*zeɡs
耫	zraːd, zreːɡ
嘖	ʔsraːɡ, ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ
梀	sreːɡ, sʰloːɡ, sloːɡ, l̥ʰoɡ
捒	sreːɡ, sroɡs, *sroɡs
幘	*ʔsreːɡ
簀	*ʔsreːɡ
嫧	ʔsreːɡ, sʰreːɡ, *sʰeɡ
謮	*ʔsreːɡ
責	*ʔsreːɡ
皟	*sʰreːɡ
憡	*sʰreːɡ
策	*sʰreːɡ
筴	sʰreːɡ, kreːb, *keːb
拺	sʰreːɡ, sreːɡ
賾	*zreːɡ
鰿	zreːɡ, ʔseɡ
擌	*sreːɡ
蹟	*ʔseɡ
襀	*ʔseɡ
磧	*sʰeɡ
洓	*sʰeɡ
績	*ʔseːɡ
勣	*ʔseːɡ
樍	*ʔseːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsreːɡs, *ʔsreːɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ).

Etymology

Cognate with 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ, “to request; to hold responsible”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhài (zhai⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄓㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaai³
Gan (Wiktionary): zai⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chai
(Meixian, Guangdong): zai⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): zai³
Min Bei (KCR): ca̿i
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chè / chèe / chài
(Teochew, Peng'im): zê³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhài
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhài
  - Wade–Giles: chai⁴
  - Yale: jài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jay
  - Palladius: чжай (čžaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zaai³
  - Yale: jaai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːi̯³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: zai⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chai
  - Hakka Romanization System: zai
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡saɪ⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zai³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sai⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ca̿i
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè
  - Tâi-lô: tsè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zex
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /t͡se²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèe
  - Tâi-lô: tsèe
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɛ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chài
  - Tâi-lô: tsài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zaix
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sai²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai⁴¹/

Note:

chè/chèe - vernacular;
chài - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zê³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsè
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡se²¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 債
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂai⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡sai⁵³/ /ʈ͡ʂai⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡sai⁵³/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂɛ²¹/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂɛ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂai³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡sai⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡sɛ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂɛ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂɛ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sai²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡sai³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡sai¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡sai²¹³/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂæ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂae⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂe̞⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sai⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡sæ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡sɛ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sa³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡sɑ⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/t͡se̞⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sa⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sa³²⁴/ /t͡sɛ³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sa⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sai⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡sai⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sai⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sai⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sɑi⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sai³³/
	Nanning	/t͡sai³³/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sai³³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/t͡sai²¹/ /t͡se²¹/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/t͡sɑi²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡sai³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡se²¹³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/t͡sai³⁵/ /t͡sɛ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ʃˠɛ^H/, /t͡ʃˠɛk̚/

Rime
Character	債	債
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	佳 (31)	耕 (119)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	側賣切	側革切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠɛ^H/	/t͡ʃˠɛk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚæ^H/	/ʈ͡ʂᵚæk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃæi^H/	/t͡ʃɐk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂaɨj^H/	/ʈ͡ʂəɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃɛ^H/	/t͡ʃɛk̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃai^H/	/t͡ʃæk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂai^H/	/ʈ͡ʂæk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhài	zhe
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaai³	zak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tˤrek-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsreːɡs/, /*ʔsreːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	債
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhài
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrɛ^H ›
Old Chinese	/*s-tˁrek-s/
English	debt
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	債	債
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1744	1759
Phonetic component	朿	朿
Rime group	賜	錫
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	債	責
Old Chinese	/*ʔsreːɡs/	/*ʔsreːɡ/

Definitions

債

debt; loan; liabilities
(figurative) owed thing

Compounds

Derived terms from 債

了債／了债
京債／京债
倒債／倒债
借債／借债 (jièzhài)
債主／债主 (zhàizhǔ)
債利／债利
債券／债券 (zhàiquàn)
債務／债务 (zhàiwù)
債務人／债务人 (zhàiwùrén)
債戶／债户
債樁／债桩
債權／债权 (zhàiquán)
債權人／债权人 (zhàiquánrén)
債權憑證／债权凭证
債臺高築／债台高筑 (zhàitáigāozhù)
償債／偿债 (chángzhài)
兒女債／儿女债
內債／内债 (nèizhài)
公債／公债 (gōngzhài)
公債券／公债券 (gōngzhàiquàn)
公司債／公司债
公司債券／公司债券

冷債／冷债
募債／募债
國債／国债 (guózhài)
國家公債／国家公债
外債／外债 (wàizhài)
宿債／宿债
建設公債／建设公债
抵債／抵债
捍債／捍债
揭債／揭债
揭債還債／揭债还债
放京債／放京债
放來生債／放来生债
放債／放债 (fàngzhài)
欠債／欠债 (qiànzhài)
欠債還錢／欠债还钱
氧債／氧债
流動負債／流动负债
父債子還／父债子还
相思債／相思债
私債／私债

索債／索债 (suǒzhài)
膿血債／脓血债
自由公債／自由公债
舉債／举债 (jǔzhài)
血債／血债 (xuèzhài)
血債血還／血债血还 (xuèzhàixuèhuán)
討債／讨债 (tǎozhài)
討債鬼／讨债鬼
負債／负债 (fùzhài)
負債累累／负债累累
賴債／赖债
躲債／躲债 (duǒzhài)
逃債／逃债 (táozhài)
逃債臺／逃债台
逼債／逼债 (bīzhài)
避債／避债 (bìzhài)
還債／还债 (huánzhài)
鉤腸債／钩肠债
風情月債／风情月债
風流債／风流债
麻衣債／麻衣债

Japanese

Kanji

債

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: せ (se)
Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
Kun: かり (kari, 債り)

Compounds

公(こう)債(さい) (kōsai)
国(こく)債(さい) (kokusai)
負(ふ)債(さい) (fusai)
債(さい)権(けん) (saiken)
債(さい)券(けん) (saiken)
社(しゃ)債(さい) (shasai)
学(がっ)校(こう)債(さい) (gakkōsai)
社(しゃ)債(さい)発(はっ)行(こう)費(ひ) (shasaihakkōhi)
負(ふ)債(さい)性(せい)引(ひき)当(あて)金(きん) (fusaiseihikiatekin)
ワラント債(さい) (warantosai)
校(こう)債(さい) (kōsai)
学(がく)債(さい) (gakusai)
債(さい)務(む) (saimu)

Noun

債(さい) • (sai)

loan, debt

Korean

Hanja

債 (eum 채 (chae))

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Vietnamese

Han character

債: Hán Nôm readings: trái

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