傲

傲	U+50B2, 傲 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50B2

← 傱
[U+50B1]

CJK Unified Ideographs

傳 →
[U+50B3]

Translingual

Han character

傲 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人土尸大 (OGSK) or 人手尸大 (OQSK), four-corner 2824₀, composition ⿰亻敖)

proud, haughty, overbearing

References

KangXi: page 114, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1015
Dae Jaweon: page 242, character 27
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 199, character 6
Unihan data for U+50B2

Chinese

trad.		傲
simp. ^#		傲
alternative forms		敖奡慠㜜驁／骜敖奡慠㜜驁／骜謷㥿嫯

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 傲

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Small seal script**
s05711

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L23576	L23575

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (敖) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
熬	ŋaːw, qaːw
敖	*ŋaːw
嗷	*ŋaːw
螯	*ŋaːw
聱	ŋaːw, ŋraːw, *ŋrɯw
驁	ŋaːw, ŋaːws
鰲	*ŋaːw
遨	*ŋaːw
獒	*ŋaːw
滶	*ŋaːw
蔜	*ŋaːw
鷔	ŋaːw, ŋaːws
鼇	*ŋaːw
謷	ŋaːw, ŋaːws, *ŋraːw
嶅	*ŋaːw
嗸	*ŋaːw
摮	*ŋaːw
嫯	ŋaːw, ŋaːws
鏊	ŋaːw, ŋaːws
傲	*ŋaːws
磝	*ŋraːw

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋaːws) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 敖 (OC *ŋaːw).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ào (ao⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngou⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngau
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ngō͘ / gō
(Teochew, Peng'im): ngao⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): ngau (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ào
  - Zhuyin: ㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ào
  - Wade–Giles: ao⁴
  - Yale: àu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aw
  - Palladius: ао (ao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngou⁶
  - Yale: ngouh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngou⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngou⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋou̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngau
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngau
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngau⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋau̯⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngō͘
  - Tâi-lô: ngōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋɔ̃⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gō
  - Tâi-lô: gō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goi
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡo²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngao⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngău
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋau³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ngau (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔ²³/

Middle Chinese: /ŋɑu^H/

Rime
Character	傲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五到切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɑu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɑu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɑu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋaw^H/
Li Rong	/ŋɑu^H/
Wang Li	/ŋɑu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋɑu^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngou⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːws/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	傲
Reading #	1/1
No.	58
Phonetic component	敖
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	傲
Old Chinese	/*ŋaːws/

Definitions

傲

arrogant; proud; haughty; disdainful; supercilious
驕傲／骄傲 ― jiāo'ào ― arrogant; conceited; proud
傲慢 ― àomàn ― arrogant; haughty; supercilious
- 人不可有傲氣，但不可無傲骨。 [MSC, trad.]
  人不可有傲气，但不可无傲骨。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: a saying of Xu Beihong
  Rén bùkě yǒu àoqì, dàn bùkě wú àogǔ. [Pinyin]
  One should not be arrogant, but should not lack pride in oneself.
^† to despise; to look down on
- 數加嚴令而不致其刑，則民傲罪。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  数加严令而不致其刑，则民傲罪。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Lord Shang, circa 3^rd century BCE
  Shù jiā yán lìng ér bù zhì qí xíng, zé mín ào zuì. [Pinyin]
  ...and if he issues one severe order after another, but does not apply the penalties, people will despise the death-penalty. (translation by J.J.L. Duyvendak)
^† impetuous
- 不問而告謂之傲。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  不问而告谓之傲。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE
  Bù wèn ér gào wèi zhī ào. [Pinyin]
  Informing where no question has been posed is called "forwardness". (translation by John Knoblock)
^† stubborn
^† to bend (one's body)
a surname

Compounds

倨傲 (jù'ào)
傲人 (àorén)
傲岸 (ào'àn)
傲岸不群 (ào'ànbùqún)
傲慢 (àomàn)
傲然 (àorán)
傲睨 (àonì)
傲立
傲自
傲骨 (àogǔ)
兀傲 (wù'ào)

冷傲
孤傲 (gū'ào)
居功自傲 (jūgōngzì'ào)
恃才傲物
狂傲
秋菊傲霜
自傲 (zì'ào)
高傲 (gāo'ào)
傲嬌／傲娇 (àojiāo)
傲氣／傲气 (àoqì)
傲視／傲视 (àoshì)

傲遊／傲游
嘯傲／啸傲
執傲／执傲
引以為傲／引以为傲
心高氣傲／心高气傲 (xīngāoqì'ào)
輕世傲物／轻世傲物
違傲／违傲
驕傲／骄傲 (jiāo'ào)
驕傲自大／骄傲自大
驕傲自滿／骄傲自满

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): áo (ao²)
(Zhuyin): ㄠˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: áo
  - Zhuyin: ㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: áo
  - Wade–Giles: ao²
  - Yale: áu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aur
  - Palladius: ао (ao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɑʊ̯³⁵/

Definitions

傲

^† Alternative form of 遨 (áo, “to ramble; to stroll”).
^† Alternative form of 熬 (áo, “to endure; to get through”).

Japanese

Kanji

傲

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

be proud

Readings

Go-on: ごう (gō, Jōyō)^{←がう (gau, historical)}
Kan-on: ごう (gō, Jōyō)^{←がう (gau, historical)}
Kun: あなどる (anadoru, 傲る); おごり (ogori, 傲り); おごる (ogoru, 傲る)

Compounds

傲(ごう)岸(がん) (gōgan)
傲(ごう)倨(きょ), 傲(ごう)踞(きょ) (gōkyo)
傲(ごう)睨(げい) (gōgei)
傲(ごう)語(ご) (gōgo)
傲(ごう)傲(ごう) (gōgō)
傲(ごう)骨(こつ) (gōkotsu)
傲(ごう)兀(こつ) (gōkotsu)
傲(ごう)嘯(しゅう) (gōshū)
傲(ごう)笑(しょう) (gōshō)
傲(ごう)世(せい) (gōsei)
傲(ごう)然(ぜん) (gōzen)
傲(ごう)霜(そう) (gōsō)
傲(ごう)愎(ふく) (gōfuku) (驁(ごう)愎(ふく))
傲(ごう)放(ほう) (gōhō) (驁(ごう)放(ほう))
傲(ごう)慢(まん) (gōman) (敖(ごう)慢(まん), 慠(ごう)慢(まん))
傲(ごう)遊(ゆう) (gōyū)
簡(かん)傲(ごう) (kangō)
寄(き)傲(ごう) (kigō)
驕(きょう)傲(ごう) (kyōgō) (驕(きょう)敖(ごう), 驕(きょう)慠(ごう))
倨(きょ)傲(ごう) (kyogō) (倨(きょ)敖(ごう))
踞(きょ)傲(ごう) (kyogō) (踞(きょ)敖(ごう))
亢(こう)傲(ごう) (kōgō)
兀(こつ)傲(ごう) (kotsugō)
侈(し)傲(ごう) (shigō)
嘯(しょう)傲(ごう) (shōgō)
笑(しょう)傲(ごう) (shōgō) (笑(しょう)敖(ごう))
怠(たい)傲(ごう) (taigō) (怠(たい)敖(ごう), 怠(たい)慠(ごう))
陵(りょう)傲(ごう), 凌(りょう)傲(ごう) (ryōgō)

Korean

Hanja

傲 (eum 오 (o))

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Vietnamese

Han character

傲: Hán Nôm readings: ngạo, nghệu, ngáo, ngão

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.