傭

See also: 佣

傭	U+50AD, 傭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50AD

← 催
[U+50AC]

CJK Unified Ideographs

傮 →
[U+50AE]

Translingual

Han character

傭 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人戈中月 (OILB), four-corner 2022₇, composition ⿰亻庸)

References

KangXi: page 114, character 11

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1007

Dae Jaweon: page 242, character 20

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 214, character 6

Unihan data for U+50AD

Chinese

trad.		傭
simp.		佣^*

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 傭

**Small seal script**
s05728

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (用) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
通	*l̥ʰoːŋ
俑	l̥ʰoːŋ, loŋʔ
蓪	*l̥ʰoːŋ
桶	l̥ʰoːŋʔ, l'oːŋʔ
捅	*l̥ʰoːŋʔ
痛	*l̥ʰoːŋs
筩	*l'oːŋ
誦	*ljoŋs
傭	l̥ʰoŋ, loŋ
慵	*ɦljoŋ
鱅	ɦljoŋ, loŋ
滽	*loŋ
墉	*loŋ
鏞	*loŋ
鄘	*loŋ
槦	*loŋ
銿	*loŋ
甬	*loŋʔ
勇	*loŋʔ
涌	*loŋʔ
踊	*loŋʔ
蛹	*loŋʔ
恿	*loŋʔ
慂	*loŋʔ
悀	*loŋʔ
埇	*loŋʔ
踴	*loŋʔ
庸	*loŋ
用	*loŋs
佣	*loŋs

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yōng, yóng (yong¹, yong²)
(Zhuyin): ㄩㄥ, ㄩㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jung⁴, jung²
Gan (Wiktionary): iung⁵
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): iong
(Teochew, Peng'im): iong⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yong
  - Wade–Giles: yung¹
  - Yale: yūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iong
  - Palladius: юн (jun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yóng
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yóng
  - Wade–Giles: yung²
  - Yale: yúng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yong
  - Palladius: юн (jun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ³⁵/

Note: yóng - obsolete.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jung⁴, jung²
  - Yale: yùhng, yúng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jung⁴, jung²
  - Guangdong Romanization: yung⁴, yung²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹/, /jʊŋ³⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: iung⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iuŋ¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iong
  - Tâi-lô: iong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: iong⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ioŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /jɨoŋ/

Rime
Character	傭
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	餘封切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/jioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juawŋ/
Li Rong	/ioŋ/
Wang Li	/jĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jung⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*loŋ/
(Zhengzhang): /*loŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	傭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yōng
Middle Chinese	‹ yowng ›
Old Chinese	/*loŋ/
English	hire
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	傭
Reading #	2/2
No.	15444
Phonetic component	用
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	容
Old Chinese	/*loŋ/
Notes	庸轉註字見莊子

Definitions

傭

servant; maid
to employ; to hire
commission
^† salary; wages
^† Alternative form of 庸 (yōng, “ordinary; mediocre; a kind of tax during the Tang dynasty”).

Compounds

傭人／佣人 (yōngrén)
傭人領班／佣人领班
傭作／佣作
傭保／佣保
傭僕／佣仆
傭兵／佣兵 (yōngbīng)

傭婢／佣婢
傭婦／佣妇 (yōngfù)
傭工／佣工 (yōnggōng)
傭給／佣给
傭耕／佣耕

僱傭／雇佣 (gùyōng)
女傭／女佣 (nǚyōng)
家傭／家佣
幫傭／帮佣 (bāngyōng)
德潤傭書／德润佣书

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chōng (chong¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cung¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chong
  - Wade–Giles: chʻung¹
  - Yale: chūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chong
  - Palladius: чун (čun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: cung¹
  - Yale: chūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ʈʰɨoŋ/

Rime
Character	傭
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	徹 (10)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	丑凶切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈʰɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈʰioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶʰioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈʰuawŋ/
Li Rong	/ȶʰioŋ/
Wang Li	/ȶʰĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶʰi̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cung¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰoŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	傭
Reading #	1/2
No.	15437
Phonetic component	用
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	蹱
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰoŋ/

Definitions

傭

^† equal; even; fair; just

References

“傭”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

傭

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

employ, hire

Readings

Go-on: よ (yo)
Kan-on: よう (yō)
On: ちょう (chō)
Kun: やとう (yatou, 傭う)

Compounds

傭兵(ようへい) (yōhei): hired soldier
雇傭(こよう) (koyō): employment
試傭(しよう) (shiyō): trial employment
常傭(じょうよう) (jōyō): regular employment
被傭者(ひようしゃ) (hiyōsha): employee

Kanji in this term
傭
よう Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi

IPA^(key): [jo̞ː]

Affix

傭(よう) • (yō)

hire; employ

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 傭 (MC jɨoŋ). Recorded as Middle Korean 요ᇰ (yong) (Yale: yong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource傭 (eumhun 품팔이 용 (pumpari yong))

Hanja form^? of 용 (“employ; hire”).

Compounds

고용 (雇傭, goyong)
용병 (傭兵, yongbyeong)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 傭 (MC ʈʰɨoŋ).

Hanja

傭 (eumhun 고를 총 (goreul chong))

(literary Chinese) Hanja form^? of 총 (“even; fair”).

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.