備

See also: 备, 俻, and 僃

備	U+5099, 備 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5099

← 傘
[U+5098]

CJK Unified Ideographs

傚 →
[U+509A]

備	U+2F809, 備 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F809

← 偺
[U+2F808]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

僧 →
[U+2F80A]

Translingual

Traditional	備
Simplified	备
Japanese	備
Korean	備

Han character

備 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人廿竹月 (OTHB), four-corner 2422₇, composition ⿰亻𤰇 (GT) or ⿰亻⿱卄⿸厂用 (JK))

References

KangXi: page 113, character 21
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 967
Dae Jaweon: page 241, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 200, character 8
Unihan data for U+5099
Unihan data for U+2F809

Chinese

trad.		備
simp.		备
alternative forms		俻僃𠈍 ancient

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 備

Shang

Western Zhou

Warring States

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Oracle bone script

Bronze inscriptions

Chu slip and silk script

Qin slip script

Ancient script

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Bronze inscriptions**
b12291	b12292	b12293	b12294	b12295

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L35726	L35727	L19650	L19651	L19652	L19653	L19654

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (備) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
憊	*brɯːɡs
韛	*brɯːɡs
備	*brɯɡs
俻	*brɯɡs
鞴	brɯɡs, baːɡs, *bɯɡ
糒	*brɯɡs
犕	*brɯɡs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *brɯɡs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 𤰈 ().

Originally a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *brɯɡs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 箙 (OC *bɯɡ).

Etymology

Area word; compare Burmese ပြင် (prang, “to get ready; to prepare”), Jingpho hpra (pʰraʔ³¹, “to complete”), Mon ပြေၚ် (“to prepare; to arrange for”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bèi (bei⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bei⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): phi
(Meixian, Guangdong): pi⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): bei³
Min Dong (BUC): bê
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): pī
(Teochew, Peng'im): bi⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): be (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bèi
  - Wade–Giles: pei⁴
  - Yale: bèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bey
  - Palladius: бэй (bɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: bei⁶
  - Yale: beih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bei⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: béi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phi
  - Hakka Romanization System: pi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰi⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: pi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰi⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: bei³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /pei⁴⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛi²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pī
  - Tâi-lô: pī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pi
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /pi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pi³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pi²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bi⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: be (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /b̥e̞²³/

Middle Chinese: /bˠiɪ^H/

Rime
Character	備
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	平祕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠiɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/biɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bji^H/
Li Rong	/bji^H/
Wang Li	/bi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]rək-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*brɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	備
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bèi
Middle Chinese	‹ bij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]rək-s/
English	complete (adj.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	備
Reading #	1/1
No.	426
Phonetic component	備
Rime group	代
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	備
Old Chinese	/*brɯɡs/

Definitions

備

to prepare
備而不用／备而不用 ― bèi'érbùyòng ― to have something ready just in case; to keep something for possible future use
- 孔明索紙筆，屏退左右，密書十六字曰：「欲破曹公，宜用火攻；萬事俱備，只欠東風。」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  孔明索纸笔，屏退左右，密书十六字曰：“欲破曹公，宜用火攻；万事俱备，只欠东风。” [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14^th century CE
  Kǒngmíng suǒ zhǐbǐ, píngtuì zuǒyòu, mì shū shíliù zì yuē: “Yù pò Cáo gōng, yí yòng huǒgōng; wànshì jù bèi, zhǐ qiàn dōngfēng.” [Pinyin]
  Kongming asked for papers and pen, dismissed the attendants, then secretly wrote sixteen words: "To defeat Lord Cao, must use fire attack; everything is ready, only missing the easternly wind."
to provide or prepare against; to take precautions against
攻其不備／攻其不备 ― gōngqíbùbèi ― to attack when the enemy is unprepared
以備不時之需／以备不时之需 ― yǐ bèi bùshízhīxū ― for unexpected future use
- 君子曰：「不備不虞，不可以師。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  君子曰：“不备不虞，不可以师。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Jūnzǐ yuē: “Bùbèi bùyú, bùkěyǐ shī.” [Pinyin]
  The gentleman said: "One who is not prepared against the unexpected cannot command troops."
- 將兵北屯下曲陽，備匈奴。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  将兵北屯下曲阳，备匈奴。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5^th century CE
  Jiāng bīng běitún Xiàqūyáng, bèi Xiōngnú. [Pinyin]
  (Ma Wu) led his troops, whom he stationed north – at Xiaquyang – to defend against the Xiongnu.
equipment
軍備／军备 ― jūnbèi ― armament; arms
to possess
才德兼備／才德兼备 ― cáidéjiānbèi ― to possess both ability and integrity
complete
- 居惡在。仁是也。路惡在。義是也。居仁由義、大人之事備矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  居恶在。仁是也。路恶在。义是也。居仁由义、大人之事备矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Jū wū zài. Rén shì yě. Lù wū zài. Yì shì yě. Jūrén yóuyì, dàrén zhī shìbèi yǐ. [Pinyin]
  Wherever you dwell, make it Humane; whatever course you travel, make it Just. Abiding in humaneness and acting through fairness—this is how the great man completes his work
- 周公謂魯公曰：「君子不施其親，不使大臣怨乎不以。故舊，無大故，則不棄也。無求備於一人。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  周公谓鲁公曰：“君子不施其亲，不使大臣怨乎不以。故旧，无大故，则不弃也。无求备于一人。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
  Zhōugōng wèi Lǔgōng yuē: “Jūnzǐ bù chí qí qīn, bù shǐ dàchén yuàn hū bù yǐ. Gùjiù, wú dàgù, zé bù qì yě. Wú qiú bèi yú yīrén.” [Pinyin]
  The Duke of Zhou said to Duke of Lu: "The gentleman does not neglect his kinsmen, does not make the great ministers grudge over being not used, and certainly does not reject old friends without great causes. Neither does he not seek perfection in one man."
fully
備受關注／备受关注 ― bèi shòu guānzhù ― to attract a lot of attention
- 乃命冢宰，農事備收。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  乃命冢宰，农事备收。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Nǎi mìng zhǒngzǎi, nóngshì bèi shōu. [Pinyin]
  Orders are also given to the chief minister, after the fruits of husbandry have all been gathered in, […]

Compounds

Derived terms from 備

不備／不备 (bùbèi)
乘人不備／乘人不备
乘其不備／乘其不备
俱備／俱备 (jùbèi)
備件／备件 (bèijiàn)
備份／备份 (bèifèn)
備位／备位
備取／备取 (bèiqǔ)
備受好評／备受好评
備受威脅／备受威胁
備受矚目／备受瞩目
備受禮遇／备受礼遇
備品／备品 (bèipǐn)
備嘗憂患／备尝忧患
備嘗艱苦／备尝艰苦
備嘗辛苦／备尝辛苦
備妥／备妥
備安庫／备安库
備家／备家
備役／备役
備忘錄／备忘录 (bèiwànglù)
備悉／备悉
備戰／备战 (bèizhàn)
備料／备料 (bèiliào)
備查／备查 (bèichá)
備案／备案 (bèi'àn)
備注／备注
備用／备用 (bèiyòng)
備用品／备用品 (bèiyòngpǐn)
備用車胎／备用车胎
備禦／备御 (bèiyù)
備細／备细
備考／备考 (bèikǎo)
備而不用／备而不用 (bèi'érbùyòng)
備耕／备耕 (bèigēng)
備胎／备胎 (bèitāi)
備荒／备荒 (bèihuāng)
備補／备补
備言／备言 (bèiyán)
備註／备注 (bèizhù)
備詢／备询
備身府／备身府
備辦／备办 (bèibàn)
備陳／备陈
備馬／备马 (bèimǎ)
儲備／储备 (chǔbèi)
儲備幹部／储备干部
儲備銀行／储备银行 (chǔbèi yínháng)

內備／内备
全備／全备 (quánbèi)
兵備／兵备
具備／具备 (jùbèi)
兼備／兼备 (jiānbèi)
冷氣設備／冷气设备
出其不備／出其不备
劉備／刘备
劉備失箸／刘备失箸
吉備真備／吉备真备
周備／周备
周邊設備／周边设备 (zhōubiān shèbèi)
國際準備／国际准备
圓備／圆备
報備／报备 (bàobèi)
夜視設備／夜视设备
守備／守备 (shǒubèi)
守備率／守备率
完備／完备 (wánbèi)
常備不懈／常备不懈
常備兵／常备兵 (chángbèibīng)
常備兵役／常备兵役
常備軍／常备军 (chángbèijūn)
後備／后备 (hòubèi)
後備軍人／后备军人
德容兼備／德容兼备
德才兼備／德才兼备 (décáijiānbèi)
必備／必备 (bìbèi)
戒備／戒备 (jièbèi)
戰備／战备 (zhànbèi)
戰備跑道／战备跑道
才德兼備／才德兼备 (cáidéjiānbèi)
排備／排备
推崇備至／推崇备至 (tuīchóngbèizhì)
掩其不備／掩其不备
掩其無備／掩其无备
揚揚無備／扬扬无备
攻其不備／攻其不备 (gōngqíbùbèi)
攻其無備／攻其无备 (gōngqíwúbèi)
整備／整备 (zhěngbèi)
文修武備／文修武备
文武兼備／文武兼备
有備無患／有备无患 (yǒubèiwúhuàn)
有備而來／有备而来 (yǒubèi'érlái)
材能兼備／材能兼备
核備／核备
機器設備／机器设备
武備／武备

毫不為備／毫不为备
求備／求备
求全責備／求全责备
消防設備／消防设备
準備／准备 (zhǔnbèi)
準備金／准备金 (zhǔnbèijīn)
火備／火备
無一不備／无一不备
百廢備舉／百废备举
空調設備／空调设备
籌備／筹备 (chóubèi)
置備／置备 (zhìbèi)
美備／美备
聊備一格／聊备一格 (liáobèiyīgé)
聊復備數／聊复备数
自備／自备 (zìbèi)
衛浴設備／卫浴设备
衛生設備／卫生设备 (wèishēng shèbèi)
裝備／装备 (zhuāngbèi)
製備／制备
設備／设备 (shèbèi)
該備／该备
謀勇兼備／谋勇兼备
警備／警备 (jǐngbèi)
警備區／警备区
警備森嚴／警备森严
豫備／豫备
責備／责备 (zébèi)
貯備／贮备 (zhùbèi)
購備／购备
趁人不備／趁人不备
軍備／军备 (jūnbèi)
辦備／办备
配備／配备 (pèibèi)
醇備／醇备
野戰裝備／野战装备
鑒核備查／鉴核备查
關懷備至／关怀备至 (guānhuáibèizhì)
防備／防备 (fángbèi)
防火設備／防火设备
隄備／堤备
電化設備／电化设备
電氣設備／电气设备
預備／预备 (yùbèi)
預備役／预备役 (yùbèiyì)
預備金／预备金
養兒備老／养儿备老
齊備／齐备 (qíbèi)

Japanese

Kanji

備

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

equip, provision

Readings

Go-on: び (bi, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ひ (hi)
Kun: そなえる (sonaeru, 備える, Jōyō); そなわる (sonawaru, 備わる, Jōyō); つぶさに (tsubusani, 備に)
Nanori: そなう (sonau); たる (taru); とも (tomo); なが (naga); なり (nari); のぶ (nobu); まさ (masa); みつ (mitsu); みな (mina); よ (yo); よし (yoshi); より (yori)

Compounds

備(び)蓄(ちく) (bichiku, “emergency stores”)
備(び)品(ひん) (bihin, “fixtures”)
準(じゅん)備(び) (junbi, “preparation”)
装(そう)備(び) (sōbi, “equipment”)

Usage notes

The printed form of this character typically differs from its handwritten form, with the latter nearly matching the Traditional Chinese form.

Korean

Hanja

備 (eumhun 갖출 비 (gatchul bi))

Hanja form^? of 비 (“equip, provision”).

Compounds

준비 (準備, junbi, “preparation”)
비축 (備蓄, bichuk, “reserve”)

Vietnamese

Han character

備: Hán Nôm readings: bị, bẹ, bợ, vựa

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