倍

倍

倍 U+500D, 倍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-500D ← 倌 [U+500C] CJK Unified Ideographs 倎 → [U+500E]

Translingual

Han character

倍 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人卜廿口 (OYTR), four-corner 2026₁, composition ⿰亻咅)

Derived characters

• 𭉩, 𡏧, 𣻃, 𬯑, 𦟋, 𫏚, 𪬽, 𬱎, 𫑒, 𠍭, 𡻓, 蓓, 𫂕

References

• KangXi: page 107, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 760
• Dae Jaweon: page 228, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 183, character 4
• Unihan data for U+500D

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		倍

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 倍
Small seal script s05828 Transcribed ancient scripts L15317
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (咅) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蓓	*bɯːʔ, *bɯːʔ
倍	*bɯːʔ
菩	*bɯːʔ, *bɯʔ, *bɯː, *bɯːɡ
掊	*bruː, *poːʔ, *bɯ, *bɯ
剖	*pʰoːʔ, *pʰoʔ
婄	*pʰɯʔ, *bɯʔ, *bɯː
踣	*pʰɯs, *bɯːɡ
箁	*bɯ
咅	*pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs
部	*boːʔ, *boːʔ, *boːʔ, *boːʔ
培	*boːʔ, *bɯː
犃	*boːʔ
瓿	*boːʔ, *bɯ, *bo
殕	*pɯʔ, *pʰoʔ, *qɯːɡ
醅	*pʰɯ, *pʰɯː
棓	*bɯ, *broːŋʔ, *bɯː
涪	*bɯ
賠	*bɯː
陪	*bɯː
毰	*bɯː
焙	*bɯːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *bɯːʔ) : semantic 人 + phonetic 咅 (OC *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): bèi (bei⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): bei⁴

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): pui⁵

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): poi⁴

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): phi

  (Meixian, Guangdong): pi⁴

• Min Dong (BUC): buôi
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): pē / pěr / pōe / pēr / pǒe

  (Teochew, Peng'im): buê⁶

• Wu (Wiktionary): be (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bèi
    • Wade–Giles: pei⁴
    • Yale: bèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bey
    • Palladius: бэй (bɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (倍兒／倍儿)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bèir
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bèir
    • Wade–Giles: peirh⁴
    • Yale: bèir
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bell
    • Palladius: бэйр (bɛjr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pəɻ⁵¹/

Note: erhua-ed - “very”.

• • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: bei⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bei
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: pui⁵
    • Yale: púih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pui⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: pui⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuːi̯¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: poi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰᵘɔi²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phi
    • Hakka Romanization System: pi
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰi⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: pi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰi⁵³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: buôi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pui²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Hsinchu, Magong, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pē
    • Tâi-lô: pē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pe
    • IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /pe²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pe³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pěr
    • Tâi-lô: pěr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pə²²/
    • IPA (Lukang): /pə³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pōe
    • Tâi-lô: puē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poe
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /pue²²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /pue³³/
  • (Hokkien: Sanxia, Hsinchu, Kinmen, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pēr
    • Tâi-lô: pēr
    • IPA (Kinmen, Singapore): /pə²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pǒe
    • Tâi-lô: puě
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pue²²/

Note:

• Xiamen, Quanzhou:
  • pē/pěr - vernacular;
  • pōe/pǒe - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: buê⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: puĕ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pue³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: be (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /b̥e̞²³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 倍
Mandarin	Beijing	/pei⁵¹/
	Harbin	/pei⁵³/
	Tianjin	/pei⁵³/
	Jinan	/pei²¹/
	Qingdao	/pe⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/pei³¹²/
	Xi'an	/pʰei⁴⁴/
	Xining	/pʰɨ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/pei¹³/
	Lanzhou	/pei¹³/
	Ürümqi	/pei²¹³/
	Wuhan	/pei³⁵/
	Chengdu	/pei¹³/
	Guiyang	/pei²¹³/
	Kunming	/pei²¹²/
	Nanjing	/pəi⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/pe⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/pei⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/pæ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/pei⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/be²³/
	Suzhou	/be̞³¹/
	Hangzhou	/bei¹³/
	Wenzhou	/bai³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/pʰɛ²²/
	Tunxi	/pə²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/pei⁵⁵/ /pei¹¹/
	Xiangtan	/bəi²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/pʰi²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/pʰi⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/pʰoi⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/pʰui²³/
	Nanning	/pʰui²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/pʰui¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/pue²²/ /pe²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/puɔi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/po⁴²/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/pue³⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ʔbui³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /bʌi^X/

Rime
Character	倍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	薄亥切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bʌiX/
Pan Wuyun	/bəiX/
Shao Rongfen	/bɒiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bəjX/
Li Rong	/bᴀiX/
Wang Li	/bɒiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱɑ̆iX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	boi6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*bɯːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	倍
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bèi
Middle Chinese	‹ bwojX ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˁəʔ/
English	double
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	倍
Reading #	1/1
No.	9837
Phonetic component	咅
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	倍
Old Chinese	/*bɯːʔ/

Definitions

倍

1. to double
2. Classifier for the number of times a value is multiplied: times; -fold

   一百倍  ―  yībǎi bèi  ―  hundredfold; one hundred times

3. exceptionally; especially
4. (Mandarin, colloquial) very; extremely

Compounds

事倍功半 (shìbèi-gōngbàn) 事半功倍 (shìbàn-gōngbèi) 五倍子 (wǔbèizǐ) 倍增 (bèizēng) 倍奉 倍常 倍式 (bèishì) 倍律 倍比定律 倍率 (bèilǜ) 倍蓰 倍道 (bèidào) 倍道兼行

偏倍 兼倍 利市三倍 力倍功半 加倍 (jiābèi) 百倍 (bǎibèi) 倍日并行 五倍子蟲／五倍子虫 倍兒／倍儿 (bèir) 倍力橋／倍力桥 倍受矚目／倍受瞩目 倍感親切／倍感亲切 倍數／倍数 (bèishù)

倍稱／倍称 倍覺／倍觉 倍足綱／倍足纲 倍道兼進／倍道兼进 公倍數／公倍数 (gōngbèishù) 勇氣百倍／勇气百倍 (yǒngqì bǎibèi) 半價倍息／半价倍息 單倍體／单倍体 (dānbèitǐ) 獲利倍蓰／获利倍蓰 聲價十倍／声价十倍 身價百倍／身价百倍 雙倍／双倍 (shuāngbèi)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bèi (bei⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bui³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bèi
    • Wade–Giles: pei⁴
    • Yale: bèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bey
    • Palladius: бэй (bɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: bui³
    • Yale: bui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bui³
    • Guangdong Romanization: bui³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /puːi̯³³/

Definitions

倍

1. ^† Alternative form of 背 (bèi, “to give up; to betray; to violate; to have one's back towards”).

   • 故君民者，子以愛之，則民親之；信以結之，則民不倍。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     故君民者，子以爱之，则民亲之；信以结之，则民不倍。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Gù jūn mín zhě, zǐ yǐ ài zhī, zé mín qīn zhī; xìn yǐ jié zhī, zé mín bù bèi. [Pinyin]

     Hence, when the ruler of the people loves them as his sons, they feel to him as a parent; when he binds them to himself by his good faith, they do not turn away from him.

Compounds

倍反 倍畔

倍道 (bèidào) 鄙倍

違倍／违倍

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): péi (pei²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄟˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pui⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: péi
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄟˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: péi
    • Wade–Giles: pʻei²
    • Yale: péi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: peir
    • Palladius: пэй (pɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰeɪ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: pui⁴
    • Yale: pùih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pui⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: pui⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuːi̯²¹/

Definitions

倍

1. ^† Original form of 陪 (péi).
2. ^† Alternative form of 賠／赔 (péi).

Compounds

倍伴

倍償／倍偿

倍費／倍费

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Japanese

Kanji

倍

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ばい (bai, Jōyō); べ (be)
• Kan-on: はい (hai)
• Kun: そむく (somuku, 倍く); ます (masu, 倍す)

Compounds

• 一倍
• 一粒万倍
• 五倍子
• 人一倍
• 倍加
• 倍増
• 倍大
• 倍数
• 倍旧
• 倍率
• 倍精度
• 倍音
• 倍額
• 勇気百倍
• 安倍川餅
• 数倍
• 逓倍

 

Noun

倍(ばい) • (bai) 

1. twice, double, two times

   田(た)中(なか)さんの家(いえ)は私(わたし)の家(いえ)の倍(ばい)の大(おお)きさだ。

   Tanaka-san no ie wa watashi no ie no bai no ōkisa da.

   Tanaka's house is twice the size of mine.

   倍(ばい)にする

   bai ni suru

   to double

Antonyms

• 半(はん) (han, “half”)

Counter

倍(ばい) • (-bai) 

1. times, -fold

   この飛行機(ひこうき)はあの飛行機(ひこうき)よりも３(さん)倍(ばい)速(はや)い。

   Kono hikōki wa ano hikōki yori mo san-bai hayai.

   This plane is a whole three times faster than that plane.

   ４(よん)の５(ご)倍(ばい)

   yon no go-bai

   4 times 5

2. (typography) a multiple of 全角 (zenkaku, “fullwidth/-height”) or 1 em in Western typography

   Antonym: 分 (bu)

   2(に)倍(ばい)

   nibai

   2 ems

3. (typography, newspapers) a unit in newspaper typesetting, equal to 88 mils, ⁸⁸⁄₁₀₀₀ in, 8 U and ¹⁄₁₆ 段 (dan)

See also

• 倍(ばい)角(かく) (baikaku)

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Korean

Hanja

倍 (eumhun 곱 배 (gop bae))

1. Hanja form^? of 배 (“twice; double”).

Compounds

• 배율 (倍率, baeyul, “magnification”)

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Tày

Han character

倍 (transliteration needed)

1. Nôm form of viòi.

References

• Lục Văn Pảo; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

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Vietnamese

Han character

倍: Hán Nôm readings: bội, bạu, bậu, bụa, buạ, vội

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.