倌

倌	U+500C, 倌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-500C

← 個
[U+500B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

倍 →
[U+500D]

Translingual

Han character

倌 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人十口口 (OJRR), four-corner 2327₇, composition ⿰亻官)

References

KangXi: page 107, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 759
Dae Jaweon: page 228, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 184, character 4
Unihan data for U+500C

Chinese

simp. and trad.		倌

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 倌

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Small seal script

**Small seal script**
s05818

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (官) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
官	*koːn
棺	koːn, koːns
倌	koːn, kroːns
悹	koːn, koːnʔ, *koːns
涫	koːn, koːns
管	*koːnʔ
琯	koːnʔ, kuːns
痯	koːnʔ, koːns
輨	*koːnʔ
錧	koːnʔ, koːns
館	koːnʔ, koːns
婠	koːns, qoːn, *qruːd
悺	*koːns
逭	*ɡoːns
菅	*kroːn
綰	qroːnʔ, qroːns
捾	*qoːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *koːn, *kroːns) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 官 (OC *koːn).

Etymology

Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)(j)wal (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan ཁོལ་པོ (khol po, “servant”), Burmese ကျွန် (kywan, “slave”), Proto-Loloish *C-kywan¹ (“slave”), 宦 (OC *ɡʷraːns, “servant; official”).

官 (OC *koːn, “official”) is probably the same word as 倌 (OC *koːn, *kroːns) (Schuelsser, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guān (guan¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gun¹
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): koaⁿ
(Teochew, Peng'im): guan¹
Xiang (Wiktionary): gonn¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guān
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guan
  - Wade–Giles: kuan¹
  - Yale: gwān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guan
  - Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kwän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gun¹
  - Yale: gūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gun¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gun¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuːn⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kuann
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvoaf
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kuã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuã³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kuã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuã⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: guan¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuaⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kũã³³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: gonn¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kõ³³/

Middle Chinese: /kuɑn/, /kˠuan^H/

Rime
Character	倌	倌
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	古丸切	古患切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑn/	/kˠuan^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑn/	/kʷᵚan^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑn/	/kuɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwan/	/kwaɨn^H/
Li Rong	/kuɑn/	/kuan^H/
Wang Li	/kuɑn/	/kwan^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuɑn/	/kwan^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guān	guàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gun¹	gwaan³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷˤra[n]-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*koːn/, /*kroːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	倌
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guān
Middle Chinese	‹ kwæn^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kʷˁra[n]-s/
English	servant, groom
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	倌	倌
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	4437	4458
Phonetic component	官	官
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	官	慣
Old Chinese	/*koːn/	/*kroːns/

Definitions

倌

servant who drives a carriage
groom; keeper of domestic animals
worker in a teahouse or restaurant who provides service

Compounds

倌人
堂倌 (tángguān)
牛倌

羊倌 (yángguān)
阿倌
寶倌／宝倌

渾倌／浑倌
紅倌／红倌
豬倌／猪倌

Japanese

Kanji

倌

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

assistant in wine shop
groom (keeper of domestic animals)

Readings

On (unclassified): かん (kan)
Kun: とねり (toneri, 倌)

Korean

Hanja

倌 (eum 관 (gwan))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

倌: Hán Nôm readings: quan, quán

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation