促

促

促 U+4FC3, 促 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FC3 ← 係 [U+4FC2] CJK Unified Ideographs 俄 → [U+4FC4]

Translingual

Han character

促 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人口卜人 (ORYO), four-corner 2628₁, composition ⿰亻足)

Derived characters

• 𮚼

References

• KangXi: page 104, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 664
• Dae Jaweon: page 220, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 161, character 2
• Unihan data for U+4FC3

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		促

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 促
Small seal script s05878
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (足) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
足	*ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ
莡	*sʰaːwɢ
捉	*ʔsoːɡ
齪	*sʰroːɡ, *sʰruɡ
娖	*zroːɡ
浞	*zroːɡ
鋜	*zroːɡ
趗	*sʰoːɡ, *sʰoɡ
珿	*sʰruɡ
哫	*ʔsoɡ
促	*sʰoɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰoɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cù (cu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cuk¹
• Min Dong (BUC): ché̤ṳk
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhiok / chhiak / chhek

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cog⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cù
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cù
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻu⁴
    • Yale: tsù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuh
    • Palladius: цу (cu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: cuk¹
    • Yale: chūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsuk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: cug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ché̤ṳk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiok
    • Tâi-lô: tshiok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiog
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡ɕʰiɔk̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak
    • Tâi-lô: tshiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek
    • Tâi-lô: tshik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zheg
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²/

Note:

• chhiok - literary;
• chhiak/chhek - vernacular.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cog⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshok
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰok̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰɨok̚/

Rime
Character	促
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	鍾 (8)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	七玉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰiok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰiok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰuawk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰiok̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭwok̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cuk1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰoɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	促
Reading #	1/1
No.	17927
Phonetic component	足
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	促
Old Chinese	/*sʰoɡ/

Definitions

促

1. urgent
2. to draw close
3. short
4. to reduce
5. narrow
6. to urge
7. to reach
8. respectful and cautious

Compounds

侷促 (júcù) 侷促一隅 侷促不安 促使 (cùshǐ) 促促 促坐 促席 促忙 (cùmáng) 促忙促急 促成 (cùchéng) 促拍 促掐 促步 (cùbù) 促病 促眉 促膝 促迫 (cùpò) 促音 (cùyīn)

催促 (cuīcù) 刺促 (qìcù) 匆促 (cōngcù) 局促 局促一隅 局促不安 急促 (jícù) 敦促 (dūncù) 督促 (dūcù) 短促 (duǎncù) 短局促 窘促 (jiǒngcù) 脆促 跼促 蹇促 迫促 (pòcù) 逼促 鬼促促

促狹／促狭 (cùxiá) 促狹鬼／促狭鬼 促發／促发 促織／促织 (cùzhī) 促聲／促声 (cùshēng) 促脈／促脉 促膝談心／促膝谈心 促膝長談／促膝长谈 促裝／促装 (cùzhuāng) 促請／促请 (cùqǐng) 促趲／促趱 促進／促进 (cùjìn) 促銷／促销 (cùxiāo) 倉促／仓促 (cāngcù) 短壽促命／短寿促命 緊促／紧促 (jǐncù) 聯合促銷／联合促销

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 促 – see 齪 (“cautious; careful; meticulous; etc.”). (This character, 促, is a variant form of 齪.)

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 促 – see 蹙 (“to knit; to approach; to close in on; etc.”). (This character, 促, is the second-round simplified form of 蹙.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

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Japanese

Kanji

促

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: そく (soku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: しょく (shoku)
• Kun: うながす (unagasu, 促す, Jōyō); せまる (semaru, 促る)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
促
そく Grade: S
goon

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Goon
• IPA^(key): [so̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

促(そく) • (soku) 

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 促(そく)音(おん) (sokuon, “sokuon”)
• 促(そく)進(しん) (sokushin, “promotion”)
• 催(さい)促(そく) (saisoku, “demand, urging”)
• 販(はん)促(そく) (hansoku, “sales promotion”)
• 販(はん)売(ばい)促(そく)進(しん) (hanbaisokushin, “sales promotion”)

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Korean

Hanja

促 (eum 촉 (chok))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

促: Hán Nôm readings: xúc, thúc

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation