侵害

侵害

Chinese

		to invade; to infringe; to approach	to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm; evil; calamity
trad. (侵害)		侵	害
simp. #(侵害)		侵	害

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qīnhài

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣ ㄏㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cam¹ hoi⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhîm-hoi
• Min Nan (POJ): chhim-hāi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: qīnhài
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣ ㄏㄞˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chinhay
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ xaɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: cam¹ hoi⁶
    • Yale: chām hoih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsam¹ hoi⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: cem¹ hoi⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵ hɔːy̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîm-hoi
    • Hakka Romanization System: qim´ hoi
    • Hagfa Pinyim: qim¹ hoi⁴
    • IPA: /t͡ɕʰim²⁴⁻¹¹ hoi̯⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhim-hāi
    • Tâi-lô: tshim-hāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chimhai
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰim⁴⁴⁻²² haɪ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰim³³ haɪ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰim⁴⁴⁻²² haɪ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰim⁴⁴⁻³³ haɪ³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰim⁴⁴⁻³³ haɪ³³/

Noun

侵害

1. infringement, breach, violation

Verb

侵害

1. to infringe on, to violate

Derived terms

性侵害

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (侵害):

• → Japanese: 侵害 (しんがい) (shingai)
• → Korean: 침해 (侵害, chimhae)
• → Vietnamese: xâm hại (侵害)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
侵	害
しん Grade: S	がい Grade: 4
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Goon
  • (Tokyo) しんがい [shìńgáí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [ɕĩŋɡa̠i]

Noun

侵害 (hiragana しんがい, rōmaji shingai)

1. violation, infringement, breach

   Ａ社 (Ａしゃ)は人 (じん)権 (けん)侵害 (しんがい)で告訴 (こくそ)された。

   A sha wa jinken shingai de kokuso sareta.

   Company A was sued for human rights violations.

Verb

侵害する (hiragana しんがいする, rōmaji shingai suru)

1. to infringe, to breach

Conjugation

Conjugation of "侵害する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	侵害し	しんがいし	shingai shi
Continuative (連用形)	侵害し	しんがいし	shingai shi
Terminal (終止形)	侵害する	しんがいする	shingai suru
Attributive (連体形)	侵害する	しんがいする	shingai suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	侵害すれ	しんがいすれ	shingai sure
Imperative (命令形)	侵害せよ¹ 侵害しろ²	しんがいせよ¹ しんがいしろ²	shingai seyo¹ shingai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	侵害される	しんがいされる	shingai sareru
Causative	侵害させる 侵害さす	しんがいさせる しんがいさす	shingai saseru shingai sasu
Potential	侵害できる	しんがいできる	shingai dekiru
Volitional	侵害しよう	しんがいしよう	shingai shiyō
Negative	侵害しない	しんがいしない	shingai shinai
Negative continuative	侵害せず	しんがいせず	shingai sezu
Formal	侵害します	しんがいします	shingai shimasu
Perfective	侵害した	しんがいした	shingai shita
Conjunctive	侵害して	しんがいして	shingai shite
Hypothetical conditional	侵害すれば	しんがいすれば	shingai sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.