伐

See also: 代

伐	U+4F10, 伐 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F10

← 伏
[U+4F0F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

休 →
[U+4F11]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order (Taiwan)

Han character

伐 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人戈 (OI), four-corner 2325₀, composition ⿰亻戈)

Derived characters

𠲎㘺𢬩浌栰䣹𦨷䤦垡茷筏薎閥(阀)

References

KangXi: page 96, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 439
Dae Jaweon: page 203, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 120, character 8
Unihan data for U+4F10

Chinese

simp. and trad.		伐
alternative forms		𪜁 ancient

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 伐

Shang

Western Zhou

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Oracle bone script

Bronze inscriptions

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Oracle bone script**
j19039	j19040	j19041	j19042	j19043	j19044	j19045	j19046
j19047	j19048	j19049	j19050	j19051	j19052	j19053	j19054
j19055	j19056	j19057	j19058	j19059	j19060	j19061	j19062
j19063	j19064	j19065	j19066	j19067	j19068	j19069	j19070
j19071	j19072	j19073	j19074	j19075	j19076	j19077	j19078
j19079	j19080	j19081	j19082	j19083	j19084	j19085	j19086
j19087	j19088	j19089	j19090	j19091	j19092	j19093	j19094
j19095	j19096	j19097	j19098	j19099	j19100	j19101	j19102
j19103	j19104	j19105	j19106	j19107	j19108	j19109	j19110
j19111	j19112	j19113	j19114	j19115	j19116	j19117	j19118
j19119	j19120	j19121	j19122	j19123	j19124	j19125	j19126
j19127	j19128	j19129	j19130	j19131	j19132	j19133	j19134
j19135	j19136	j19137	j19138	j19139	j19140	j19141	j19142
j19143	j19144	j19145	j19146	j19147	j19148	j19149	j19150
j19151	j19152	j19153	j19154	j19155	j19156	j19157	j19158
j19159	j19160	j19161	j19162	j19163	j19164	j19165	j19166
j19167	j19168	j19169	j19170	j19171	j19172	j19173	j19174
j19175	j19176	j19177	j19178	j19179	j19180	j19181	j19182
j19183	j19184	j19185	j19186	j19187	j19188	j19189	j19190
j19191	j19192	j19193	j19194	j19195	j19196	j19197	j19198

**Bronze inscriptions**
b12384	b12385	b12386	b12387	b12388	b12389	b12390	b12391
b12392	b12393	b12394	b12395	b12396	b12397	b12398	b12399
b12400	b12401	b12402	b12403	b12404	b12405	b12406	b12407
b12408	b12409

**Small seal script**
s05881

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L37798	L37799	L37800	L37801	L37802	L26531	L26532	L26533
L26534	L26535

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (伐) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
茷	paːds, bads, *bad
筏	paːd, bad
伐	*bad
閥	*bad
垡	*bad
栰	*bad

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fá, fā
(Zhuyin): ㄈㄚˊ, ㄈㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fat⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phat
Min Dong (BUC): huăk / puăk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hoa̍h / hoa̍t
(Teochew, Peng'im): huag⁸ / huêg⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): vaq (T5); va (T0)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fá
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄚˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fá
  - Wade–Giles: fa²
  - Yale: fá
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: far
  - Palladius: фа (fa)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fä³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fā
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fa
  - Wade–Giles: fa¹
  - Yale: fā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fa
  - Palladius: фа (fa)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: fat⁶
  - Yale: faht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fed⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐt̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phat
  - Hakka Romanization System: pad`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰat̚²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: huăk / puăk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaʔ⁵/, /pʰuaʔ⁵/

Note:

huăk - literary;
puăk - vernacular (“to stride; step”).

Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoa̍h / hoa̍t
  - Tâi-lô: hua̍h / hua̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoah, hoat
  - IPA (Xiamen): /huaʔ⁴/, /huat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /huaʔ²⁴/, /huat̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /huaʔ¹²¹/, /huat̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /huaʔ⁴/, /huat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /huaʔ⁴/, /huat̚⁴/

Note:

hoa̍h - vernacular;
hoa̍t - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huag⁸ / huêg⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hua̍k / hue̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huak̚⁴/, /huek̚⁴/

Note:

huag8 - Shantou;
huêg8 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: vaq (T5); va (T0)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /v̥a̱ʔ¹²/, /v̥a̱/

Note: 0va - yes/no question particle.

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 伐
Mandarin	Beijing	/fa³⁵/
	Harbin	/fa²⁴/
	Tianjin	/fɑ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/fa⁴²/
	Qingdao	/fa⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/fa⁴²/
	Xi'an	/fa²⁴/
	Xining	/fa²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/fa¹³/
	Lanzhou	/fa⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/fa⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/fa²¹³/
	Chengdu	/fa³¹/
	Guiyang	/fa²¹/
	Kunming	/fa̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/fɑʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/fɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/faʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/xuʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/faʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/vaʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/vaʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/vɑʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ɦo²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/fa²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/fuːə⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/fa²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɸɒ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/faʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/fat̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/fɑt̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/fɐt̚²/
	Nanning	/fat̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/fɐt̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/huat̚⁵/ /huaʔ⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/pʰuaʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xua²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/huak̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/fak̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: /bʉɐt̚/

Rime
Character	伐
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	元 (68)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	房越切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bʉɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/bʷiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/biuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buat̚/
Li Rong	/biuɐt̚/
Wang Li	/bĭwɐt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯wɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fá
Expected Cantonese Reflex	faat⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-pat/
(Zhengzhang): /*bad/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	伐
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fá
Middle Chinese	‹ bjot ›
Old Chinese	/*m-pat/
English	cut; strike; attack
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	伐
Reading #	1/1
No.	2859
Phonetic component	伐
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	伐
Old Chinese	/*bad/

Definitions

伐

to kill; to slaughter; to behead
to hack; to fell; to cut down; to hew
- 坎坎伐檀兮，寘之河之干兮，河水清且漣猗。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  坎坎伐檀兮，寘之河之干兮，河水清且涟猗。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Kǎnkǎn fá tán xī, zhì zhī hé zhī gān xī, héshuǐ qīng qiě lián yī. [Pinyin]
  Kan-kan go his blows on the sandal trees,
  And he places what he hews on the river's bank,
  Whose waters flow clear and rippling.
to knock; to strike; to hit
to send troops to suppress; to attack
- 春，齊師伐我。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  春，齐师伐我。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Chūn, Qí shī fá wǒ. [Pinyin]
  In the spring the Qi troops invaded us.
- 諸侯相侵伐，暴虐百姓。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  诸侯相侵伐，暴虐百姓。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Zhūhóu xiāng qīnfá, bàonüè bǎixìng. [Pinyin]
  The feudal lords raided one another and were violent and cruel against the common people.
to remove; to eliminate; to take away
to damage; to harm; to endanger
to defeat; to thwart
to criticize; to blame
(Chinese astronomy) the name of three stars in the Three Stars mansion: 42 Orionis, θ2 Orionis and ι Orionis
ridge soil
Alternative form of 閥／阀 (fá, “merit; achievement”).
to brag about (oneself); to flaunt
Alternative form of 瞂 (fá, “shield”).
Alternative form of 罰／罚 (fá, “to punish”).
(Min) to stride; to take a stride; to step forward; to step over
(Min) step; footstep; stride
(Min) Classifier for footsteps: step
(Wu) Alternative form of 𠲎 (“final interrogative particle on a yes/no question”).
(Wu) Alternative form of 勿 (“not”).
a surname

Usage notes

In transcriptions of Buddhist terms, 伐 (MC bʉɐt̚) is often used to transcribe व (va).

Compounds

不矜不伐
以夷伐夷
伐交
伐兵
伐冰
伐善
伐子都
伐性
伐性之斧
伐木 (fámù)
伐柯 (fákē)
伐柯人 (fákērén)
伐檀
伐毛洗髓
伐生
伐罪
伐薪
伐鼓
作伐
剪伐
北伐 (běifá)
口伐
吊伐
央人作伐

捷克斯洛伐克 (Jiékèsīluòfákè)
操斧伐柯
攻伐 (gōngfá)
斫伐
旦旦而伐
木伐
步伐 (bùfá)
直木必伐
矜伐
矜功伐善
矜功自伐
砍伐 (kǎnfá)
自伐
蹶石伐木
阿伐粒子
南征北伐
征伐 (zhēngfá)
伐喪／伐丧
伐東吳／伐东吴
伐異黨同／伐异党同
伐罪弔民／伐罪吊民
伐藝／伐艺
伐謀／伐谋
勛伐／勋伐 (xūnfá)

口誅筆伐／口诛笔伐 (kǒuzhūbǐfá)
吳剛伐桂／吴刚伐桂
執伐／执伐
執柯作伐／执柯作伐
大張撻伐／大张挞伐
奉辭伐罪／奉辞伐罪
巴伐利亞／巴伐利亚 (Bāfálìyà)
弔民伐罪／吊民伐罪
撻伐／挞伐 (tàfá)
斬伐／斩伐
斬刈殺伐／斩刈杀伐
東討西伐／东讨西伐
標同伐異／标同伐异
步伐異常／步伐异常
殺伐／杀伐 (shāfá)
殺伐決斷／杀伐决断
濫伐／滥伐
百馬伐驥／百马伐骥
盜伐／盗伐 (dàofá)
討伐／讨伐 (tǎofá)
阿伐射線／阿伐射线
阿伐蛻變／阿伐蜕变
黨同伐異／党同伐异 (dǎngtóngfáyì)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 伐 – see 𠲎 (“final interrogative particle on a yes/no question.”). (This character, 伐, is a variant form of 𠲎.)

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 伐 – see 筏 (“raft”). (This character, 伐, is the second-round simplified form of 筏.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 伐 – see 閥 (“contribution; family status; etc.”). (This character, 伐, is the second-round simplified and variant form of 閥.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 伐 – see 垡 (“plow soil; place name”). (This character, 伐, is the second-round simplified form of 垡.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

伐

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

to attack, to strike, to cut

Readings

Go-on: ぼち (bochi)
Kan-on: はつ (hatsu)
Kan’yō-on: ばつ (batsu, Jōyō)
Kun: うつ (utsu, 伐つ); きる (kiru, 伐る); ほこる (hokoru, 伐る)

Korean

Hanja

伐 (eumhun 칠 벌 (chil beol))

Hanja form^? of 벌 (“to attack, to strike, to cut”).

Compounds

정벌 (征伐, jeongbeol, “conquest”)

Vietnamese

Han character

伐: Hán Nôm readings: phạt

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.