以故

以故

Chinese

		to use; according to; so as to to use; according to; so as to; in order to; by; with; because; Israel (abbrev.)	happening; instance; reason happening; instance; reason; cause; deceased; old
simp. and trad. (以故)		以	故
alternative forms		已故

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǐgù

  (Zhuyin): ㄧˇ ㄍㄨˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Pinyin: yǐgù
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˇ ㄍㄨˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yyiguh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǐgù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ku⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 已故 以故

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• Middle Chinese: /jɨ^X  kuo^H/

Rime
Character	以	故
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	羊己切	古暮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨX/	/kuoH/
Pan Wuyun	/jɨX/	/kuoH/
Shao Rongfen	/ieX/	/koH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨX/	/kɔH/
Li Rong	/iəX/	/koH/
Wang Li	/jĭəX/	/kuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/iX/	/kuoH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǐ	gù

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ləʔ  kˤa(ʔ)-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*lɯʔ  kaːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	以	故
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǐ	gù
Middle Chinese	‹ yiX ›	‹ kuH ›
Old Chinese	/*ləʔ/	/*kˁa(ʔ)-s/
English	take, use	fact; reason
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	以	故
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	14929	4228
Phonetic component	以	古
Rime group	之	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	以	顧
Old Chinese	/*lɯʔ/	/*kaːs/

Conjunction

以故

1. (Classical Chinese) because of this

Synonyms

edit

Synonyms of 以故

以是 (yǐshì) (Classical Chinese) 因此 (yīncǐ) 因而 (yīn'ér) 從而／从而 (cóng'ér) 所以 (suǒyǐ) 故 (gù) (literary) 故此 (gùcǐ)

故而 (gù'ér) 於是／于是 (yúshì) 於是乎／于是乎 (yúshìhū) (literary) 是以 (shìyǐ) (literary) 是故 (shìgù) (literary) 為此／为此 (wèicǐ)

Dialectal synonyms of 所以 (“so; therefore”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		是以, 是故, 故, 以, 以是
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		所以, 因此, 因而, 故, 故此, 故而
Mandarin	Taiwan	所以
	Guilin	所以
	Yangzhou	所以
	Singapore	所以
Cantonese	Guangzhou	所以, 故此
	Hong Kong	所以
	Singapore (Guangfu)	所以
Gan	Nanchang	故是
Hakka	Meixian	所以, 故此
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	故所, 所以
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	故所, 所以, 故所以
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	所以
	Dongshi (Dabu)	所以
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	所以, 故所
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	所以
Huizhou	Jixi	所以上
Min Bei	Jian'ou	故此
Min Dong	Fuzhou	故此
Min Nan	Xiamen	所以
	Quanzhou	所以
	Zhangzhou	所以
	Tainan	所以
	Penang (Hokkien)	所以
	Singapore (Hokkien)	所以
	Manila (Hokkien)	所以
	Wenchang	所以
Wu	Shanghai	所以, 咾, 葛咾, 因此, 故所以 dated, 故而 dated, 所以緣故 dated, 為此緣故 dated, 因此緣故 dated
	Chongming	故所以
Xiang	Loudi	故所以