以下

以下

Chinese

		to use; according to; so as to to use; according to; so as to; in order to; by; with; because; Israel (abbrev.)	under; next; lower under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter
simp. and trad. (以下)		以	下

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǐxià

  (Zhuyin): ㄧˇ ㄒㄧㄚˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁵ haa⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yî-ha
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): í-hǎ / í-hā / í-hēe / í-ě / í-ē / í-ēe

  (Teochew, Peng'im): in² ê⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: yǐxià
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˇ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yyishiah
    • IPA ^(key): /i²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ɕi̯a̠⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ji⁵ haa⁶
    • Yale: yíh hah
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁵ haa⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yi⁵ ha⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /jiː¹³ haː²²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî-ha
    • Hakka Romanization System: i´ ha
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹ ha⁴
    • IPA: /i²⁴⁻¹¹ ha⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî-ha
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)i´ ha
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹ ha⁴
    • IPA: /(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ ha⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-hǎ
    • Tâi-lô: í-hǎ
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ha²²/
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-hā
    • Tâi-lô: í-hā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: y'ha
    • IPA (Taipei): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ha³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ha³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ha²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-hēe
    • Tâi-lô: í-hēe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɛ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-ě
    • Tâi-lô: í-ě
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ e²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-ē
    • Tâi-lô: í-ē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ye
    • IPA (Xiamen): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ e²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-ēe
    • Tâi-lô: í-ēe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɛ²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: in² ê⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: íⁿ ĕ
    • IPA ^(key): /ĩ⁵²⁻³⁵ e³⁵/

Noun

以下

1. below; under
2. the following; as follows

Derived terms

自鄶以下／自郐以下

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (以下):

• → Japanese: 以 (い)下 (か) (ika)
• → Korean: 이하 (以下, iha)
• → Vietnamese: dĩ hạ (以下)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
以	下
い Grade: 4	か Grade: 1
on’yomi

Noun

以下 (hiragana いか, rōmaji ika)

1. less than; at most, not more than, not exceeding
   • 1950, 久坂葉子, 落ちてゆく世界:

     「雪 (ゆき)ちゃん、おばさん今 (きょ)日 (う)から一日 (いちにち)を五 (ご)十 (じゅう)円 (えん)以 (い)下 (か)で済 (す)まそうと思 (おも)ってるのよ。

     “Yukichan, obasan kyō kara ichinichi o go jū en ika de sumasō to omotteru no yo.

     Yuki, starting today your grandma has decided to spend no more than 50 yen per day, okay?

2. the following; "the [something] below" (such as text or a diagram)
   • 1918, 芥川龍之介, あの頃の自分の事:

     以 (い)下 (か)は小説 (しょうせつ)と呼 (よ)ぶ種類 (しゅるい)のものではないかも知 (し)れない。

     Ika wa shōsetsu to yobu shurui no mono de wa nai kamoshirenai.

     What follows may perhaps not be considered any type of novel.

Antonyms

• 以 (い)上 (じょう) (ijō)