以上

以上

Chinese

		to use; according to; so as to to use; according to; so as to; in order to; by; with; because; Israel (abbrev.)	up; on; on top up; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up
simp. and trad. (以上)		以	上

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǐshàng

  (Zhuyin): ㄧˇ ㄕㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁵ soeng⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yî-song
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): í-siōng / í-siāng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): in² ziên⁷

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: yǐshàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˇ ㄕㄤˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yyishanq
    • IPA ^(key): /i²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ji⁵ soeng⁶
    • Yale: yíh seuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁵ soeng⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yi⁵ sêng⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /jiː¹³ sœ̽ːŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî-song
    • Hakka Romanization System: i´ song
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹ song⁴
    • IPA: /i²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî-song
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)i´ song
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹ song⁴
    • IPA: /(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-siōng
    • Tâi-lô: í-siōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ysiong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɕiɔŋ²²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɕiɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɕiɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɕiɔŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-siāng
    • Tâi-lô: í-siāng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ysiang
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɕiaŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɕiaŋ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɕiaŋ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: in² ziên⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: íⁿ tsiēⁿ
    • IPA ^(key): /ĩ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sĩẽ¹¹/

Noun

以上

1. above; more than; over
2. above-mentioned; above

Phrase

以上

1. (usually Internet, influenced by Japanese) That is all. (used at the end of a text to indicate that there is nothing further)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (以上):

• → Japanese: 以 (い)上 (じょう) (ijō)
• → Korean: 이상 (以上, isang)
• → Vietnamese: dĩ thượng (以上)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
以	上
い Grade: 4	じょう Grade: 1
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) い​じょー [íꜜjòò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [iʑo̞ː]

Noun

以上 (hiragana いじょう, rōmaji ijō, historical hiragana いじやう)

1. the aforementioned, the foregoing
2. equal to or more; includes the base number
3. (plain form Verb) + 以上は: since, now that, so long as, once

Phrase

以上 (hiragana いじょう, rōmaji ijō, historical hiragana いじやう)

1. That is all. (used at the end of a text to indicate that there is nothing further)

Related terms

• 以下

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

1. 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
2. Hirayama, Tetsuo (1960) 全国アクセント辞典 (Nationwide Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: 東京堂,.

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Korean

Hanja in this term
以	上

Noun

以上 • (isang) (hangeul 이상)

1. Hanja form^? of 이상 (“the aforementioned, the foregoing”).