仍

仍	U+4ECD, 仍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4ECD

← 仌
[U+4ECC]

CJK Unified Ideographs

从 →
[U+4ECE]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

仍 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人弓竹尸 (ONHS), four-corner 2722₇, composition ⿰亻乃)

References

KangXi: page 92, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 361
Dae Jaweon: page 194, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 110, character 3
Unihan data for U+4ECD

Chinese

simp. and trad.		仍

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 仍

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Small seal script

**Small seal script**
s05762

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L33480	L33481	L11443	L11444	L11445	L11446

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (乃) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
乃	*nɯːʔ
鼐	nɯːʔ, nɯːs
疓	*njɯːʔ
奶	*rneːlʔ
仍	*njɯŋ
艿	*njɯŋ
辸	*njɯŋ
礽	*njɯŋ
扔	njɯŋ, njɯŋs
芿	*njɯŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *njɯŋ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 乃 (OC *nɯːʔ).

Etymology

“to be done repeatedly; as before”: A terminative derivation from 二 (OC *njis, “two”), literally “got to be done twice/again”. Alternatively, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-n(j)aŋ (“to follow; to repeat”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): réng (reng²)
(Zhuyin): ㄖㄥˊ
(Chengdu, SP): ren²
Cantonese (Jyutping): jing⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yìn
Min Dong (BUC): ĭng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lêng / jiông
(Teochew, Peng'im): rêng⁵ / rong⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): nyin (T3); zen (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: réng
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: réng
  - Wade–Giles: jêng²
  - Yale: réng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: reng
  - Palladius: жэн (žɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐɤŋ³⁵/

Note: Pronounced as rēng or rěng dialectally.

- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ren²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: rhen
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /zən²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jing⁴
  - Yale: yìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jing⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ying⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: inˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yin²
  - Sinological IPA: /in¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)inˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yin²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)in¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng
  - Tâi-lô: lîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: leeng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /liɪŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiông
  - Tâi-lô: jiông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jioong
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑiɔŋ¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: rêng⁵ / rong⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jêng / jông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zeŋ⁵⁵/, /d͡zoŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: nyin (T3); zen (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲɪɲ²³/, /z̥əɲ²³/

Note:

3nyin - vernacular;
3zen - literary.

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 仍
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʐəŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʐəŋ⁴⁴/ /ʐəŋ²¹³/
	Tianjin	/iŋ⁴⁵/ /ʐəŋ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʐəŋ⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/ləŋ⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʐəŋ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ʐəŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/ʐə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʐəŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/və̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʐɤŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/nən²¹³/
	Chengdu	/zən³¹/
	Guiyang	/zen²¹/
	Kunming	/ʐə̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʐən²⁴/ /ʐən²¹²/
	Hefei	/ʐən⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/zəŋ⁵³/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/ʐə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/zən¹³/
	Hangzhou	/zen²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zeŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/iʌ̃³¹/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/ʐən¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/in¹²/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/in¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/in¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jeŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/jeŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jiŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/liŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/iŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/iŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/zoŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/zeŋ³¹/

Middle Chinese: /ȵɨŋ/

Rime
Character	仍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	如乗切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵiŋ/
Li Rong	/ȵiəŋ/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	réng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*nəŋ/
(Zhengzhang): /*njɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	仍
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	réng
Middle Chinese	‹ nying ›
Old Chinese	/*nəŋ/
English	repeat
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	仍
Reading #	1/1
No.	9342
Phonetic component	乃
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*njɯŋ/

Definitions

仍

to follow; to do the same as
to continue; to be done repeatedly
frequently; repeatedly
the eighth generation; numerous (descendants)
still; yet
- 如你所見，我們仍在工作。 [MSC, trad.]
  如你所见，我们仍在工作。 [MSC, simp.]
  Rú nǐ suǒjiàn, wǒmen réng zài gōngzuò. [Pinyin]
  As you can see, we're still working.
- 她的事仍有希望。 ― Tā de shì réng yǒu xīwàng. ― There is hope for her yet.
- 有些問題仍未解決。 [MSC, trad.]
  有些问题仍未解决。 [MSC, simp.]
  Yǒu xiē wèntí réng wèijiějué. [Pinyin]
  Some problems remain unsolved.
thus; as a result
a surname

Synonyms

(to follow):

edit

因襲／因袭 (yīnxí)

承襲／承袭 (chéngxí)

沿襲／沿袭 (yánxí)

(still):

edit

Synonyms of 仍

仍是 (réngshì)
仍然 (réngrán)
依然 (yīrán)
兀自 (wùzì) (dialectal or archaic)
尚且 (shàngqiě)
仍舊／仍旧 (réngjiù)

依舊／依旧 (yījiù)
原徑／原径 (Wu)
嘛閣／嘛阁 (Min Nan)
猶且／犹且 (yóuqiě) (literary)
猶是／犹是 (Min Nan)

猶然／犹然 (yóurán)
猶自／犹自 (yóuzì)
還／还 (hái)
還是／还是 (háishì)
都係／都系 (Cantonese)

Compounds

一仍
仍世 (réngshì)
仍仍
仍便
仍再
仍即
仍因
仍就
仍接
仍是 (réngshì)
仍然 (réngrán)
仍耗
仍迭
仍重
因仍
因仍苟且
循仍
昆仍
有仍

相仍
累仍
重仍
仍几
荐仍
一仍其舊／一仍其旧
一仍舊貫／一仍旧贯 (yīréng-jiùguàn)
仍孫／仍孙
仍屬／仍属
仍復／仍复
仍歲／仍岁
仍疊／仍叠
仍續／仍续
仍纏／仍缠
仍舊／仍旧 (réngjiù)
仍舊貫／仍旧贯
仍萌故態／仍萌故态
仍親／仍亲

仍蹈前轍／仍蹈前辙
仍蹈故轍／仍蹈故辙
仍蹈覆轍／仍蹈覆辙
仍陋襲簡／仍陋袭简
仍雲／仍云
創巨痛仍／创巨痛仍
創鉅痛仍／创巨痛仍
姑仍舊貫／姑仍旧贯
屢蹶仍振／屡蹶仍振
悉仍其舊／悉仍其旧
悉仍舊貫／悉仍旧贯
水寒頻仍／水寒频仍
覆轍相仍／覆辙相仍
連仍／连仍
雲仍／云仍
雲仍／云仍
頻仍／频仍 (pínréng)
饑饉相仍／饥馑相仍

Japanese

Kanji

仍

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: にょう (nyō)^{←ねう (neu, historical)}
Kan-on: じょう (jō)^{←ぜう (zeu, historical)}
Kun: よる (yoru); しきりに (shikirini); なお (nao)^{←なほ (nafo, historical)}
Nanori: なお (nao)^{←なほ (nafo, historical)}

Korean

Hanja

仍 (eum 잉 (ing))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Pai-lang

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/k-niŋ (“brain, heart, mind”). Compare Tibetan སྙིང (snying, “heart”), Old Chinese 仁 (OC *njin, “kernel”).

Noun

仍 (*niŋ)

heart

References

Hill, Nathan W. (2017), “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎, volume 103, pages 386—429

Vietnamese

Han character

仍: Hán Nôm readings: nhưng, nhăng, nhang, những, dưng, dừng, nhẳng, nhùng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation