亮

See also: 𠅙

亮	U+4EAE, 亮 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EAE

← 亭
[U+4EAD]

CJK Unified Ideographs

亯 →
[U+4EAF]

亮	U+F977, 亮 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F977

← 略
[U+F976]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

兩 →
[U+F978]

Translingual

Stroke order (Mainland China)

Alternative forms

In mainland China, the bottom component is written 几 while in other regions, the bottom component is written 儿 which is the historical form found in the Kangxi dictionary.
A CJK compatibility ideograph exists at U+F977 for a duplicate code point in the KS X 1001 character set used in South Korea.

Han character

亮 (Kangxi radical 8, 亠+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜口月山 (YRBU), four-corner 0021₇, composition ⿳亠口冗 or ⿱⿳亠口冖几(G) or ⿱⿳亠口冖儿(HTJK or U+F977))

Derived characters

𬾻, 喨, 湸, 𫮌, 𫱍, 𢝋, 𪱧, 𭦾, 𪳄, 煷, 𤦻, 𭿏, 𮎝, 𮖞, 𭀴, 𭧓, 𮛽, 𨩎, 𭿧, 𩹗

References

KangXi: page 89, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 304
Dae Jaweon: page 188, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 286, character 3
Unihan data for U+4EAE
Unihan data for U+F977

Chinese

trad.		亮
simp. ^#		亮
alternative forms		𠅙

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 亮

**Bronze inscriptions**
b13614	b13615

**Small seal script**
s06359

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L37007	L37008	L37009	L24090	L24091	L24092	L24093	L24094
L24095	L24096	L24097

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogrammic compound (會意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *raŋs) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 京 (OC *kraŋ, “building; tower”).

Etymology

Part of an Austroasiatic word family; compare Khmer [script needed] (-rāṃṅa, “to be light; to be bright”) (Schuessler, 2007), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *raaŋʔ (“light; to shine”); as well as:

ស្រាំង (srang, “to be pale; to be colourless”) with 爽 (OC *sraŋʔ),
[script needed] (brāṅa, “to grow light (after dark)”) with 炳 (OC *praŋʔ).
បំព្រាង (bɑmpriəng, “to shed a pale light”) with 明 (OC *mraŋ).

Alternatively, STEDT compares it to Proto-Kuki-Chin *klaaŋ-I, *klaan-II (“to shine; light; bright”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): liàng, liáng (liang⁴, liang²)
(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄤˋ, ㄌㄧㄤˊ
(Chengdu, SP): niang⁴
Cantonese (Jyutping): loeng⁶
Gan (Wiktionary): liong⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): liong
(Meixian, Guangdong): liong⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): lion³
Min Bei (KCR): liōng
Min Dong (BUC): liông
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): liāng / liōng
(Teochew, Peng'im): liang⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): lian (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): lian⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: liàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: liàng
  - Wade–Giles: liang⁴
  - Yale: lyàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lianq
  - Palladius: лян (ljan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ljɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: liáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: liáng
  - Wade–Giles: liang²
  - Yale: lyáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liang
  - Palladius: лян (ljan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ljɑŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: niang⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: liang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niaŋ²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: loeng⁶
  - Yale: leuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loeng⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lêng⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lœːŋ²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: liong⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liɔŋ¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liong
  - Hakka Romanization System: liong
  - Hagfa Pinyim: liong⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /li̯oŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: liong⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /liɔŋ⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: lion³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /liɒ̃⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: liōng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liɔŋ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: liông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃uɔŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liāng
  - Tâi-lô: liāng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liang
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liaŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liaŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /liaŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liōng
  - Tâi-lô: liōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liong
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /liɔŋ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ³³/

Note:

Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
- liāng - colloquial;
- liōng - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: liang⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liăng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liaŋ³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: lian (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liã²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: lian⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liæn²¹/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 亮
Mandarin	Beijing	/liɑŋ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/liaŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/liɑŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/liaŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/liaŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/liaŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/liaŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/liɔ̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/liɑŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/liɑ̃¹³/
	Ürümqi	/liɑŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/niaŋ³⁵/
	Chengdu	/niaŋ¹³/
	Guiyang	/niaŋ²¹³/
	Kunming	/liã̠²¹²/
	Nanjing	/liaŋ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/liɑ̃⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/liɒ̃⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/liɑŋ³⁵/ /luə³⁵/
	Hohhot	/liɑ̃⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/liã²³/
	Suzhou	/liã³¹/
	Hangzhou	/liɑŋ¹³/
	Wenzhou	/li²²/
Hui	Shexian	/lia²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/liau¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/lian⁵⁵/ /lian¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/nian²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/liɔŋ²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/lioŋ⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/lioŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lœŋ²²/
	Nanning	/lœŋ²²/
	Hong Kong	/lœŋ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/liɔŋ²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/luɔŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/liɔŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/liaŋ³⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/liaŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /lɨɐŋ^H/

Rime
Character	亮
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力讓切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨɐŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/liɐŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/liɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/liaŋ^H/
Wang Li	/lĭaŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯aŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	loeng⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]aŋ-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*raŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	亮
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liàng
Middle Chinese	‹ ljang^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]aŋ-s/
English	brightness
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	亮
Reading #	1/1
No.	8062
Phonetic component	亮
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	亮
Old Chinese	/*raŋs/

Definitions

亮

bright; brilliant; radiant
loud and clear
(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Wu, Xiang) lamp; light
to shine; to illuminate
亮島／亮岛 [Min Dong] ― Liông-dō̤ / [l̃uoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^(t-)no³³] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA] ― Liang Island, Beigan, Lienchiang (Matsu), ROC (Taiwan)
- 天色已暗啦　星星也亮啦 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
  From: 張露 (lyricist 秦冠), 《小小羊兒要回家》
  tiānsè yǐ àn la, xīngxing yě liàng la [Pinyin]
  The sky has already darkened, and the stars have begun to show
(neologism) to be the highlight; to be epic
to make one's voice loud and clear; to raise one's voice
to reveal; to disclose
a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 亮 (“bright”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		明, 亮
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		亮, 光亮
Mandarin	Beijing	亮
	Taiwan	亮
	Yantai (Muping)	亮
	Jinan	亮
	Xi'an	亮
	Yinchuan	亮
	Wuhan	亮, 光
	Chengdu	亮
	Guiyang	亮
	Guilin	亮
	Yangzhou	亮
	Nanjing	亮
	Hefei	亮
Cantonese	Guangzhou	光
	Hong Kong	光
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	皓
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	光
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	皓
	Taishan	皓
	Kaiping (Chikan)	光
	Dongguan	光, 皓
	Yangjiang	光
	Nanning	光
	Danzhou	光
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	光
Gan	Nanchang	亮
Gan	Pingxiang	光
Hakka	Meixian	光
	Xingning	光
	Huiyang	光
	Huidong (Daling)	光
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	光
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	光
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	光
	Wengyuan	光
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	光
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	光
	Liannan	光
	Jiexi	光
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	光
	Changting	光
	Wuping	光
	Wuping (Yanqian)	光
	Wuping (Pingyu)	光
	Liancheng	光
	Ninghua	光
	Yudu	光
	Ningdu	光
	Ruijin	光
	Shicheng	光
	Shangyou (Shexi)	光
	Tonggu (Sandu)	光
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	光
	Dayu	光
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	光
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	光
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	光
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	光
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	光
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	光
	Hong Kong	光
	Mengshan (Xihe)	光
	Luchuan	光
	Senai (Huiyang)	光
Huizhou	Jixi	亮
Jin	Taiyuan	亮
Min Bei	Jian'ou	光
Min Dong	Fuzhou	光
	Changle	光
	Fuqing	光
	Yongtai	光
	Gutian	光
	Fu'an	光
	Ningde	光
	Shouning	光
	Zhouning	光
	Fuding	光
Min Nan	Xiamen	光
	Quanzhou	光
	Zhangzhou	光
	Taipei	光
	Kaohsiung	光
	Yilan	光
	Changhua (Lukang)	光
	Taichung	光
	Taichung (Wuqi)	光
	Tainan	光
	Taitung	光
	Hsinchu	光
	Penghu (Magong)	光
	Penang (Hokkien)	光
	Manila (Hokkien)	光
	Chaozhou	光
	Shantou	光, 亮
	Jieyang	光
	Bangkok (Teochew)	光
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	光
	Leizhou	光
	Wenchang	光
	Haikou	光
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	亮
Wu	Shanghai	亮
	Suzhou	亮
	Hangzhou	亮
	Wenzhou	光
Xiang	Changsha	亮, 光
Xiang	Shuangfeng	亮, 光
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Dialectal synonyms of 光 (“light”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		光
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		光
Mandarin	Beijing	光, 亮兒 †
	Taiwan	光
	Jinan	光, 亮兒 †
	Xi'an	光, 亮 †
	Wuhan	光
	Chengdu	光
	Guilin	光
	Yangzhou	光
	Hefei	光
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	光
	Dagudi (Maliba)	光
	Reshuitang (Longling)	光
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	光
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	光
Cantonese	Guangzhou	光
	Hong Kong	光
	Yangjiang	光
	Beihai	光
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	光
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	光, 亮
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	光
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	光
	Móng Cái	光
	Bangkok (Guangfu)	光
Gan	Nanchang	光
Hakka	Meixian	光, 亮
	Shanghang	光
	Bangkok (Jiexi)	光
Jin	Taiyuan	光, 亮 †
Min Bei	Jian'ou	光
Min Dong	Fuzhou	光
Min Nan	Xiamen	光
	Chaozhou	光
	Shantou	光
	Jieyang	光
	Bangkok (Teochew)	光
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	光
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	光
	Pontianak (Teochew)	光
Puxian Min	Putian	光
Wu	Suzhou	光
Wu	Wenzhou	光
Xiang	Changsha	亮, 光
	Xiangxiang	光
	Shuangfeng	光
Note	† - beam or lamplight

Dialectal synonyms of 燈 (“lamp; light”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		燈
Mandarin	Taiwan	燈
	Xi'an	燈
	Chengdu	亮
	Guilin	燈
	Malaysia	火, 燈
	Singapore	燈
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	燈
Cantonese	Guangzhou	燈
	Hong Kong	燈
	Taishan	燈, 火
	Singapore (Guangfu)	燈, 火
Gan	Nanchang	燈
Hakka	Meixian	燈
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	燈, 火
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	燈, 火
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	燈, 火
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	燈, 火
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	燈, 火
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	燈, 火
Jin	Taiyuan	燈
Min Dong	Fuzhou	燈
Min Nan	Xiamen	燈
	Penang (Hokkien)	燈, 火
	Singapore (Hokkien)	火
	Manila (Hokkien)	火, 燈
	Singapore (Teochew)	火, 燈
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	燈
Wu	Suzhou	燈
	Ningbo	燈, 亮 dated
	Wenzhou	燈
Xiang	Changsha	燈, 亮
Xiang	Xiangxiang	燈

(loud and clear):

edit

Synonyms of 亮

亮堂 (liàngtáng)
嘹亮 (liáoliàng)
宏亮 (hóngliàng)
朗朗 (lǎnglǎng)
洪亮 (hóngliàng)

清亮 (qīngliàng)
琅琅 (lángláng)
脆 (cuì)
豁亮 (huòliàng)

高亢 (gāokàng)
高昂 (gāo'áng)
昂揚／昂扬 (ángyáng)
響亮／响亮 (xiǎngliàng)

Compounds

Derived terms from 亮

不亮
了亮
亮像
亮光 (liàngguāng)
亮光光
亮光漆
亮堂 (liàngtáng)
亮堂堂
亮子 (liàngzi)
亮富
亮察
亮巨星 (liàngjùxīng)
亮底牌
亮度 (liàngdù)
亮晃晃
亮晶晶 (liàngjīngjīng)
亮梆子
亮槅
亮漆
亮灼灼
亮片
亮直
亮相 (liàngxiàng)
亮眼人
亮票
俐亮
光亮 (guāngliàng)
利亮
嘹亮 (liáoliàng)
大天亮
大天白亮
天亮 (tiānliàng)
宏亮 (hóngliàng)
寥亮
庾亮
弼亮

心明眼亮 (xīnmíngyǎnliàng)
憀亮
打亮梆子
敞亮 (chǎngliàng)
明亮 (míngliàng)
明亮亮
明亮隔
晶亮
晶晶亮亮
月亮 (yuèliang)
月亮湖 (Yuèlianghú)
油亮
洪亮 (hóngliàng)
清亮 (qīngliàng)
漂亮 (piàoliang)
火亮
照亮 (zhàoliàng)
眼明心亮 (yǎnmíngxīnliàng)
破天亮
翼亮
豁亮 (huòliàng)
透亮
通亮
郭亮 (Guōliàng)
雪亮 (xuěliàng)
麻麻亮
亮光蠟／亮光蜡
亮兒／亮儿
亮場子／亮场子
亮家堖／亮家垴 (Liàngjiānǎo)
亮底兒／亮底儿
亮盒子搖／亮盒子摇
亮節／亮节
亮紅燈／亮红灯
亮紗／亮纱
亮色調／亮色调

亮藍／亮蓝
亮話／亮话 (liànghuà)
亮醜／亮丑
亮錚錚／亮铮铮
亮鐘／亮钟
亮陰／亮阴
亮麗／亮丽 (liànglì)
傍亮兒／傍亮儿
明淨敞亮／明净敞亮
月亮門兒／月亮门儿
漂亮話／漂亮话 (piàolianghuà)
瀏亮／浏亮 (liúliàng)
烏亮／乌亮 (wūliàng)
熠熠閃亮／熠熠闪亮
爍亮／烁亮
發亮／发亮 (fāliàng)
白得發亮／白得发亮
瞭亮／了亮
矇矇亮／蒙蒙亮 (mēngmēngliàng)
簡朝亮／简朝亮
虯鏤亮槅／虬镂亮槅
見亮／见亮
諸葛亮／诸葛亮 (Zhūgě Liàng)
豁達明亮／豁达明亮
貞亮／贞亮 (zhēnliàng)
貞風亮節／贞风亮节
趁亮兒／趁亮儿
蹦兒亮／蹦儿亮
閃亮／闪亮 (shǎnliàng)
陳亮／陈亮
響亮／响亮 (xiǎngliàng)
響亮話／响亮话
高風亮節／高风亮节 (gāofēngliàngjié)
鮮亮／鲜亮 (xiānliàng)
鮮眉亮眼／鲜眉亮眼
點亮／点亮 (diǎnliàng)

References

“亮”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

亮

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

clear
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Readings

Go-on: ろう (rō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
Kan-on: りょう (ryō)^{←りやう (ryau, historical)}
Kun: あきらか (akiraka, 亮らか); すけ (suke, 亮)
Nanori: あき (aki); あきら (akira); きょう (kyō); たすく (tasuku); ふさ (fusa); まこと (makoto); よし (yoshi)

Compounds

亮月(りょうげつ) (ryōgetsu): bright moonlight
亮察(りょうさつ) (ryōsatsu): consideration
亮然(りょうぜん) (ryōzen): clear, obvious
亮直(りょうちょく) (ryōchoku): rightfulness
明亮(めいりょう) (meiryō): clarity

Proper noun

亮(りょう) • (Ryō) ^{←りやう (ryau)^?}

a male given name

亮(あきら) • (Akira)

a male given name

Korean

Hanja

亮 (eum 량 (ryang))

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Vietnamese

Han character

亮: Hán Nôm readings: lượng, lương

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation