京城
Chinese
capital; Beijing (abbrev.) | city walls; city; town | ||
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simp. and trad. (京城) | 京 | 城 |
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Noun
京城
- (literary) capital city (of a country)
- 董卓乃豺狼也,引入京城,必食人矣。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14th century CE
- Dǒng Zhuó nǎi cháiláng yě, yǐnrù jīngchéng, bì shí rén yǐ. [Pinyin]
- Dong Zhuo is a wolf and a jackal, if he enters the capital, it will most certainly be people that he devours.
- 辛丑年紅賊據京城,王移福州。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]
- From: late 15th c., 金時習 (Kim Si-seup), 《李生窺牆傳》, 《金鰲新話》
- Sinchung-nyeon Hongjeok geo gyeongseong, wang i Bokju. [Sino-Korean]
- In the sinchuk year [1361], the Red Bandits occupied the capital [of Korea]; the king fled to Bokju.
Usage notes
When translating the English term capital city, use 首都 (shǒudū) when referring to the capital of a country, 首府 (shǒufǔ) when referring to the capital of a state or autonomous region, and 省會/省会 (shěnghuì) when referring to the capital of a province. Alternative terms for the capital of a country include 國都/国都 (guódū), 京城 (jīngchéng), 京都 (jīngdū), 京邑 (jīngyì) and 都城 (dūchéng) all of which are more commonly used in literary language. The term 京城 (jīngchéng) is most commonly used in historical dramas set in Imperial China.
Synonyms
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Descendants
- → Japanese: 京城 (keijō)
- → Korean: 경성(京城) (gyeongseong)
- → Vietnamese: kinh thành (京城)
Others:
- → Zhuang: gingsingz
See also
- 省會/省会 (shěnghuì)
- 首府 (shǒufǔ)
Proper noun
京城
- (historical) (Japanese colonial era) Seoul, Gyeongseong or Keijō
Japanese
Kanji in this term | |
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京 | 城 |
けい Grade: 2 | じょう Grade: 4 |
kan’on | goon |
Etymology 1
From Old Japanese. First cited to a text from 706.[1] In turn, from Middle Chinese 京城 (MC kˠiæŋ d͡ʑiᴇŋ, literally “capital + city, town”).
Possibly encountered in older texts with the reading きょうじょう (kyōjō),[1] using the older goon pronunciation for both characters.
Use to refer to Seoul was based in part on the older name 漢城 (Hanseong),[1] and in part on the Japanese sense of "imperial capital", in referring to the city as the center of administration under the Japanese Empire.[2] The city was also informally called 京城 (Gyeongseong) in Korean during the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897).[3][4] See also Names_of_Seoul#Gyeongseong on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) けーじょー [kèéjóó] (Heiban – [0])[5]
- IPA(key): [ke̞ːʑo̞ː]
Audio (file)
Noun
京城 • (keijō) ←けいじやう (keizyau)?
- [from 706] the emperor's residence, the imperial palace
- [from 706] the capital, especially within an empire
Proper noun
京城 • (Keijō) ←けいじやう (keizyau)?
- [1910–1945] (historical) (Japanese colonial era) Seoul, also known as Gyeongseong (the Korean reading of these same Chinese characters) and Keijō
- 京城帝国大学
- Keijō Teikoku Daigaku
- Keijō Imperial University
- 京城帝国大学
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
京 | 城 |
きょう Grade: 2 | じょう Grade: 4 |
goon |
The older goon pronunciation. Not used in modern Japanese, but possibly still encountered in older texts.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kʲo̞ːʑo̞ː]
Noun
京城 • (kyōjō) ←きやうじやう (kyauzyau)?
- [706–???] (obsolete) the emperor's residence, the imperial palace
- [706–???] (obsolete) the capital, especially within an empire
References
- “京城”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- “京城”, in 世界大百科事典 第2版 (Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten Dainihan, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Second Edition”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 1998
- “ソウル”, in 日本大百科全書:ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
- Katsuhiro Kuroda (2004-07-02), “漢城、京城、セソウル? (Kanjō, Keijō, Sesouru?, “Hanseong, Gyeongseong, Seseoul (New Seoul)?”)”, in (please provide the title of the work), Sankei Shimbun, retrieved 2020-12-19
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
京 | 城 |
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “when it was first attested?”)
Proper noun
京城 • (Gyeongseong) (hangeul 경성)
- Hanja form? of 경성 (“(Japanese colonial era) Seoul, Gyeongseong or Keijō”).
Vietnamese
Hán tự in this term | |
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京 | 城 |
Noun
京城
- chữ Hán form of kinh thành (“capital city; imperial city”).