京兆尹

京兆尹

Chinese

		capital; Beijing (abbrev.)	omen; million; million million, trillion	to rule; surname
simp. and trad. (京兆尹)		京	兆	尹

Etymology

First created in the Han era [104 BCE]. According to commentaries to the Book of Han by Zhang Yan (張晏, c. 3rd century?) as collected by Yan Shigu (581–645) much later, and also Yan's own commentary, 京 (OC *kraŋ) was interpreted as "high, elevated, grand" and 兆 (OC *l'ewʔ) referred to "multitudes; populous". Both were also used as the names for certain large numbers in Chinese.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Jīngzhào Yǐn

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ ㄓㄠˋ ㄧㄣˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Jīngzhào Yǐn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄓㄠˋ ㄧㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Jingjhào Yǐn
    • Wade–Giles: Ching¹-chao⁴ Yin³
    • Yale: Jīng-jàu Yǐn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jingjaw Yiin
    • Palladius: Цзинчжао Инь (Czinčžao Inʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ in²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

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• Middle Chinese: /kˠiæŋ  ɖˠiᴇu^X  jiuɪn^X/

Rime
Character	京	兆	尹
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	澄 (11)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)	宵 (92)	諄 (47)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	舉卿切	治小切	余準切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋ/	/ɖˠiᴇuX/	/jiuɪnX/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋ/	/ɖᵚiɛuX/	/jʷinX/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋ/	/ȡiæuX/	/juenX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋ/	/ɖiawX/	/jwinX/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋ/	/ȡjɛuX/	/iuĕnX/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋ/	/ȡĭɛuX/	/jĭuĕnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋ/	/ȡʱi̯ɛuX/	/i̯uĕnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīng	zhào	yǔn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging1	ziu6	wan5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]raŋ  lr[a]wʔ  m-qurʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kraŋ  l'ewʔ  ɢʷlinʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	京	兆	尹
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīng	zhào	yǐn
Middle Chinese	‹ kjæng ›	‹ drjewX ›	‹ ywinX ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]raŋ/	/*lr[a]wʔ/	/*m-qurʔ/
English	hill; capital city	great number	govern; governor
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	京	兆	尹
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
No.	6828	16856	15300
Phonetic component	京	兆	尹
Rime group	陽	宵	眞
Rime subdivision	0	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	驚	肇	尹
Old Chinese	/*kraŋ/	/*l'ewʔ/	/*ɢʷlinʔ/

Proper noun

京兆尹

1. (historical) Jingzhao Yin; Jingzhao (historical administrative and geographic division in the eastern vicinity of Chang'an)
2. (historical) the chief official in charge of the Jingzhao district near Chang'an
3. (historical) name of various official positions leading the government of any capital districts

Hypernyms

• 三輔／三辅 (sānfǔ)