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单词 交
释义

交

交 U+4EA4, 交
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EA4
← 亣
[U+4EA3]		CJK Unified Ideographs亥 →
[U+4EA5]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

交 (Kangxi radical 8, 亠+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 卜金大 (YCK), four-corner 00408, composition ⿱亠父 or ⿱六乂)

Derived characters

  • 佼 咬 狡 姣 恔 挍 洨 峧 㬵 校 胶 珓 晈 烄 皎 䂭 䘨 絞(绞) 蛟 賋 䍊 較(较) 跤 詨 鉸(铰) 餃(饺) 駮 骹 鮫(鲛) 齩 䢒 㼎 効 郊 效 㿰 虠 頝 鵁(䴔) 㝔 茭 窔 筊

References

  • KangXi: page 88, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 291
  • Dae Jaweon: page 185, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 282, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4EA4

Chinese

simp. and trad.
交
alternative forms胶

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 交
Western ZhouShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptionsSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Bronze inscriptions

b15079

b15080

b15081

b15082

Small seal script

s07496

Transcribed ancient scripts

L07944

L07946

L07947

L07948

L07949

L07950

L07951

L07952

L07953

L07954

L07955

L07956

L07957

L07958

L07959

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (交) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
烄*keːws, *kreːwʔ
礮*pʰreːws
交*kreːw
郊*kreːw
茭*kreːw, *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːwʔ
蛟*kreːw
鮫*kreːw
鵁*kreːw
咬*kreːw, *ŋɡreːwʔ, *qreːw
鉸*kreːw, *kreːwʔ, *kreːws
佼*kreːw, *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːwʔ
詨*kreːw, *qʰreːws, *ɡreːws
絞*kreːwʔ
狡*kreːwʔ
姣*kreːwʔ, *ɡreːw
筊*kreːwʔ, *ɡreːw
校*kreːws, *ɡreːws
珓*kreːws
跤*kʰreːw
頝*kʰreːw
骹*kʰraːw
齩*ŋɡreːwʔ
洨*ɡreːw
胶*ɡreːw
效*ɡreːws
効*ɡreːws
傚*ɡreːws
皎*keːwʔ
恔*keːwʔ
晈*keːwʔ
窔*qeːws
駮*pqreːwɢ

Pictogram (象形) – a human with crossed legs.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rjaw (“mix”); cognate with Burmese ရော (rau:, “to mix”), Jingpho yau (“be mixed”), kəjau (“to mix, intermix”), compare Chepang [script needed] (ljawh-ʔo, “mixed”) and Proto-Mienic *klaau3 (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): jiāo (jiao1)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠ
    (Chengdu, SP): jiao1
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): gaau1
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gau1
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kâu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gau1
  • Min Bei (KCR): gáu
  • Min Dong (BUC): gău
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): kau / ka / ka̍h
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gao1
  • Wu (Wiktionary): jiau (T1); kau (T1)
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: jiāo
      • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: jiao
      • Wade–Giles: chiao1
      • Yale: jyāu
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiau
      • Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕjɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: jiao1
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giao
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiau⁵⁵/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: gaau1
      • Yale: gāau
      • Cantonese Pinyin: gaau1
      • Guangdong Romanization: gao1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kaːu̯⁵⁵/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: gau1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kau³³/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâu
      • Hakka Romanization System: gau´
      • Hagfa Pinyim: gau1
      • Sinological IPA: /kau̯²⁴/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: gau1
      • Sinological IPA: /kau⁴⁴/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gáu
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kau⁵⁴/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: gău
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kau⁵⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kau
      • Tâi-lô: kau
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kaw
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kau⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /kau³³/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka
      • Tâi-lô: ka
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kaf
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /ka³³/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka̍h
      • Tâi-lô: ka̍h
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kah
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /kaʔ²⁴/
Note:
  • kau - literary;
  • ka/ka̍h - vernacular.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: gao1
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kau
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kau³³/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: jiau (T1); kau (T1)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiɔ⁵³/, /kɔ⁵³/
  • Middle Chinese: /kˠau/
Rime
Character交
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)見 (28)
Final (韻)肴 (90)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)II
Fanqie古肴切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/kˠau/
Pan
Wuyun		/kᵚau/
Shao
Rongfen		/kau/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/kaɨw/
Li
Rong		/kau/
Wang
Li		/kau/
Bernard
Karlgren		/kau/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		jiāo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		gaau1
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤraw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kreːw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character交
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		jiāo
Middle
Chinese		‹ kæw ›
Old
Chinese		/*[k]ˁraw/
Englishcross (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character交
Reading #1/1
No.6296
Phonetic
component		交
Rime
group		宵
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		交
Old
Chinese		/*kreːw/

Definitions

交

  1. to intersect; to cross
    相交  ―  xiàngjiāo  ―  to intersect
    交好運／交好运  ―  jiāo hǎoyùn  ―  to meet with good fortune
    • 獸蹄鳥跡之道，交於中國。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      兽蹄鸟迹之道，交于中国。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
      Shòu tí niǎo jì zhī dào, jiāo yú Zhōngguó. [Pinyin]
      The paths marked by the feet of beasts and prints of birds crossed one another throughout the Middle Kingdom.
  2. to reach (a certain time)
  3. time or place where two things meet
    春夏之交  ―  chūn xià zhī jiāo  ―  when springs changes into summer
    世紀之交／世纪之交  ―  shìjì zhī jiāo  ―  the turn of the century
    地處豫晉兩省之交 [MSC, trad.]
    地处豫晋两省之交 [MSC, simp.]
    dìchù Yù Jìn liǎng shěnɡ zhī jiāo [Pinyin]
    located where the borders of Henan and Shanxi meet
  4. to hand over; to turn in; to submit
    交班  ―  jiāobān  ―  to hand over to the next shift
    交功課／交功课 [Cantonese]  ―  gaau1 gung1 fo3 [Jyutping]  ―  to turn in homework
    交咗租未？ [Cantonese]  ―  gaau1 zo2 zou1 mei6? [Jyutping]  ―  Have you paid rent?
    請把任務交給我吧！ [MSC, trad.]
    请把任务交给我吧！ [MSC, simp.]
    Qǐng bǎ rènwù jiāo gěi wǒ ba! [Pinyin]
    Please assign me the task!
  5. to make (friends)
    交朋友  ―  jiāo péngyǒu  ―  to make a friend
    交男朋友  ―  jiāo nánpéngyǒu  ―  to get a boyfriend
  6. friendship; relationship
    邦交  ―  bāngjiāo  ―  diplomatic relations
    泛泛之交  ―  fànfànzhījiāo  ―  acquaintance
  7. to have sexual intercourse; to mate
    肛交  ―  gāngjiāo  ―  to have anal sex
    雜交／杂交  ―  zájiāo  ―  to hybridize; to crossbreed
    • 鶡旦不鳴，虎始交。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      鹖旦不鸣，虎始交。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
      Hé dàn bù míng, hǔ shǐ jiāo. [Pinyin]
      The night bird ceases to sing. Tigers begin to pair.
  8. mutually; reciprocally
    交談／交谈  ―  jiāotán  ―  to converse
    交易  ―  jiāoyì  ―  to trade
    • 上下交征利而國危矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      上下交征利而国危矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
      Shàng xià jiāo zhēng lì ér guó wēi yǐ. [Pinyin]
      Superiors and inferiors will try to snatch this profit the one from the other, and the kingdom will be endangered.
  9. simultaneously; at the same time
  10. 16th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "contact" (𝌕)
  11. (obsolete) Alternative form of 跤.
    • 剛到廂房中角門首，不防黑影裡拋出一條凳子來，把來旺兒絆了一交。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
      刚到厢房中角门首，不防黑影里抛出一条凳子来，把来旺儿绊了一交。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
      From: The Plum in the Golden Vase, circa 1610 CE
      Gāng dào xiāngfáng zhōng jiǎomén shǒu, bùfáng hēiyǐng lǐ pāo chū yī tiáo dèngzǐ lái, bǎ Lái Wàng'ér bàn le yī jiāo. [Pinyin]
      (please add an English translation of this example)
  12. (Hokkien, dated) Used to refer to a private wholesale trading company
    alt. forms: 郊
Compounds
Derived terms from 交

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 交 – see 跤 (“tumble; fall; leg; foot; lower limb; etc.”).
(This character, 交, is the second-round simplified form of 跤.)
Notes:
  • Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore.
  • Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Pronunciation

  • Min Nan (POJ): kiau
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Philippines)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiau
      • Tâi-lô: kiau
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kiaw
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /kiau³³/
      • IPA (Xiamen): /kiau⁴⁴/

Definitions

交

  1. (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Philippines Hokkien) and
  2. (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Philippines Hokkien) with; accompanying
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 和 (“and”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese與, 及
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)和, 與, 及
MandarinBeijing跟, 和
Taiwan跟, 和
Yantai (Muping)和
Jinan和, 跟, 給
Wanrong和
Wanrong (Ronghe)連
Xi'an跟, 連
Yinchuan連
Lanzhou跟, 和
Xining帶, 和
Ürümqi跟, 連, 和
Wuhan跟
Chengdu跟, 給, 和
Guiyang跟, 同, 和
Guilin跟, 和
Liuzhou跟, 同, 和
Xuzhou給
Yangzhou跟, 交
Nanjing告, 跟
Hefei跟
Malaysia和, 跟
Singapore和, 跟
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)帶
CantoneseGuangzhou同, 同埋
Hong Kong同, 同埋
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)同
Hong Kong (Ting Kok)同
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)同
Macau同, 同埋
Taishan同埋
Kaiping (Chikan)同, 同埋
Dongguan同, 同埋
Yangjiang鄧, 同
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)同
Penang (Guangfu)同
Singapore (Guangfu)同
GanNanchang跟, 同
Lichuan和
Pingxiang同, 跟
HakkaMeixian同, 摎
Yudu澗
Miaoli (N. Sixian)摎
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)同
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)摎
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)同
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)摎
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)和
Hong Kong摎
Kuching (Hepo)佮
HuizhouJixi搭
JinTaiyuan和, 跟
Xinzhou給
Min BeiJian'ou邀
Jian'ou (Dikou)邀, 儉, 教
Zhenghe (Zhenqian)邀
Pucheng (Shibei)邀, 跟
Min DongFuzhou共
Changle共
Fuqing共
Yongtai共
Gutian共
Fu'an共
Ningde共
Shouning隨
Zhouning傮, 共
Fuding跟
Min NanXiamen佮, 交
Xiamen (Tong'an)佮
Quanzhou佮, 交
Zhangzhou佮
Tainan佮
Penang (Hokkien)佮
Singapore (Hokkien)佮
Manila (Hokkien)佮, 交
Chaozhou佮, 共
Shantou佮
Jieyang佮
Singapore (Teochew)佮
Pontianak (Teochew)佮
Leizhou共
Wenchang共
Haikou共
Qionghai共
WaxiangGuzhang (Gaofeng)跟, 邀
WuShanghai脫, 脫仔, 得, 得仔, 搭, 搭仔, 交, 幫, 同, 跟
Shanghai (Chongming)脫
Shanghai (Songjiang)搭
Suzhou搭, 搭仔
Danyang同, 跟
Hangzhou同
Ningbo搭, 搭仔
Wenzhou伉
Jinhua亨, 跟
XiangChangsha跟
Loudi跟
Shuangfeng跟, 同

Japanese

Kanji

交

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. to intersect
  2. to keep company with; to mix with
  3. to cross

Readings

  • Go-on: きょう (kyō)←けう (keu, historical)
  • Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
  • Kun: まじわる (majiwaru, 交わる, Jōyō); まじる (majiru, 交じる, Jōyō); かう (kau, 交う, Jōyō); かわす (kawasu, 交わす, Jōyō); まじえる (majieru, 交える, Jōyō); まぜる (mazeru, 交ぜる, Jōyō); まざる (mazaru, 交ざる, Jōyō); こもごも (komogomo, 交)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 入(いり)交(まじり) (irimajiri)
  • 援(えん)交(こう) (enkō)
  • 外(がい)交(こう) (gaikō)
  • 交(こう)交(こう) (kōkō), 交(こう)々(こう) (kōkō)
  • 国(こっ)交(こう) (kokkō)
  • 交(こも)交(ごも) (komogomo), 交(こも)々(ごも) (komogomo)
  • 混(こん)交(こう) (konkō)
  • 社(しゃ)交(こう) (shakō)
  • 修(しゅう)交(こう) (shūkō)
  • 手(しゅ)交(こう) (shukō)
  • 深(しん)交(こう) (shinkō)
  • 親(しん)交(こう) (shinkō)
  • 情(じょう)交(こう) (jōkō)
  • 性(せい)交(こう) (seikō)
  • 絶(ぜっ)交(こう) (zekkō)
  • 団(だん)交(こう) (dankō)
  • 断(だん)交(こう) (dankō)
  • 直(ちょっ)交(こう) (chokkō)
  • 通(つう)交(こう) (tsūkō)
  • 肉(にく)交(こう) (nikukō): sexual intercourse
  • 復(ふっ)交(こう) (fukkō)
  • 友(ゆう)交(こう) (yūkō)
  • 乱(らん)交(こう) (rankō)
  • 旧(きゅう)交(こう) (kyūkō)
  • 斜(しゃ)交(こう) (shakō)
  • 交(こう)易(えき) (kōeki)
  • 交(こう)角(かく) (kōkaku)
  • 交(こう)感(かん) (kōkan)
  • 交(こう)換(かん) (kōkan)
  • 交(こう)歓(かん) (kōkan), 交(こう)驩(かん) (kōkan)
  • 交(こう)誼(ぎ) (kōgi)
  • 交(こう)響(きょう) (kōkyō)
  • 交(こう)互(ご) (kōgo)
  • 交(こう)合(ごう) (kōgō)
  • 交(こう)差(さ) (kōsa), 交(こう)叉(さ) (kōsa)
  • 交(こう)際(さい) (kōsai)
  • 交(こう)錯(さく) (kōsaku)
  • 交(こう)渉(しょう) (kōshō)
  • 交(こう)情(じょう) (kōjō)
  • 交(こう)譲(じょう) (kōjō)
  • 交(こう)織(しょく) (kōshoku)
  • 交(こう)信(しん) (kōshin)
  • 交(こう)声(せい)曲(きょく) (kōseikyoku): cantata
  • 交(こう)接(せつ) (kōsetsu)
  • 交(こう)戦(せん) (kōsen)
  • 交(こう)替(たい) (kōtai), 交(こう)代(たい) (kōtai)
  • 交(こう)通(つう) (kōtsū)
  • 交(こう)点(てん) (kōten)
  • 交(こう)読(どく) (kōdoku)
  • 交(こう)配(はい) (kōhai)
  • 交(こう)番(ばん) (kōban)
  • 交(こう)尾(び) (kōbi)
  • 交(こう)付(ふ) (kōfu)
  • 交(こう)附(ふ) (kōfu)
  • 交(こう)友(ゆう) (kōyū)
  • 交(こう)遊(ゆう) (kōyū), 交(こう)游(ゆう) (kōyū)
  • 交(こう)絡(らく) (kōraku)
  • 交(こう)流(りゅう) (kōryū)
  • 交(こう)霊(れい) (kōrei)
  • 交(こう)媾(こう) (kōkō): sexual intercourse
  • 交(こう)詢(じゅん) (kōjun)
  • 交(まじ)える (majieru)
  • 交(ま)ざる (mazaru)
  • 交(かわ)す (kawasu), 交(か)わす (kawasu)
  • 交(ま)ぜる (mazeru)

Definitions

Kanji in this term
交
こもごも
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 交 – see the following entry.
【こもごも】
[adverb] alternating; one after another
[adverb] all mixed up and indistinct
Alternative spellings
交々, 交, 相, 更
(This term, 交, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

交 (eumhun 사귈 교 (sagwil gyo))

  1. Hanja form? of 교 (“to intersect”).

Vietnamese

Han character

交: Hán Nôm readings: giao

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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