五胡十六國

Chinese

		the Five Barbarians	the Sixteen Kingdoms
trad. (五胡十六國)		五胡	十六國
simp. (五胡十六国)		五胡	十六国

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Wǔhú Shíliù Guó
(Zhuyin): ㄨˇ ㄏㄨˊ ㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ng⁵ wu⁴ sap⁶ luk⁶ gwok³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Wǔhú Shíliù Guó
  - Zhuyin: ㄨˇ ㄏㄨˊ ㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Wǔhú Shíhliòu Guó
  - Wade–Giles: Wu³-hu² Shih²-liu⁴ Kuo²
  - Yale: Wǔ-hú Shŕ-lyòu Gwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Wuuhwu Shyrliow Gwo
  - Palladius: Уху Шилю Го (Uxu Šilju Go)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ xu³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ljoʊ̯⁵¹ kwɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ng⁵ wu⁴ sap⁶ luk⁶ gwok³
  - Yale: ńgh wùh sahp luhk gwok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ng⁵ wu⁴ sap⁹ luk⁹ gwok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: ng⁵ wu⁴ seb⁶ lug⁶ guog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋ̍¹³ wuː²¹ sɐp̚² lʊk̚² kʷɔːk̚³/

Proper noun

五胡十六國

(historical) Sixteen Kingdoms (304-439)

Usage notes

The Sixteen Kingdoms that existed between 304 and 439 are 前涼／前凉 (Qiánliáng), 後涼／后凉 (Hòuliáng), 南涼／南凉 (Nánliáng), 西涼／西凉 (Xīliáng), 北涼／北凉 (Běiliáng), 前趙／前赵 (Qiánzhào), 後趙／后赵 (Hòuzhào), 前秦 (Qián Qín), 後秦／后秦 (Hòuqín), 西秦 (Xīqín), 前燕 (Qiányān), 後燕／后燕 (Hòuyān), 南燕 (Nányān), 北燕 (Běiyān), 夏 (xià), and 成漢／成汉 (Chénghàn).

Synonyms

十六國／十六国 (Shíliù-Guó)