事
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Translingual
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Han character
事 (Kangxi radical 6, 亅+7, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十中中弓 (JLLN), four-corner 50007, composition ⿻⿳一口彐亅)
Derived characters
- 倳, 𠶝, 𢜝, 𣓊, 𧨴, 𨧫(𬭑), 𫻋, 䭄, 𫻐, 剚, 𠡯, 𠄜, 𡸪, 𠡸
References
- KangXi: page 85, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 241
- Dae Jaweon: page 174, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 23, character 3
- Unihan data for U+4E8B
Chinese
| simp. and trad. | 事 | |
|---|---|---|
| 2nd round simp. | ⿱㇋丶 | |
| alternative forms | 亊 叓 㕝 𠁱 𠫺 亊 叓 㕝 𠁱 𠫺 𠭏 𤔇 𪜃 𠭆 | |
Glyph origin
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References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Characters in the same phonetic series (史) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 吏 | *rɯs |
| 倳 | *ʔsrɯs |
| 剚 | *ʔsrɯs |
| 事 | *ʔsrɯs, *zrɯs |
| 史 | *srɯʔ |
| 使 | *srɯʔ, *srɯs |
| 駛 | *srɯʔ, *srɯs |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 又 (“hand”) + 中 (“flag or hunting weapon”) – flag or hunting weapon in hand > to perform one's job. Compare 史, 吏.
Etymology
Exopassive of 士 (OC *zrɯʔ, “to give or carry out an assignment; to serve”), literally “what has been assigned” (Schuessler, 2007).
Alternatively, based on Gong (2000), STEDT derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-dzas (“thing”), whence Burmese စာ (ca, “thing”) and Tibetan རྫས (rdzas, “thing, object, matter”).
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
事
- thing; matter (Classifier: 件 m c; 樁／桩 m)
- 唔係咩大件事 [Cantonese, trad.]
- m4 hai6 me1 daai6 gin6 si6 [Jyutping]
- is not anything terribly important (lit. "is not any sort of large matter")
唔系咩大件事 [Cantonese, simp.]- 到底係咩回事呀？ [Cantonese, trad.]
- dou3 dai2 hai6 me1 wui4 si6 aa3? [Jyutping]
- What happened? / Exactly what is happening? (lit. "Exactly what matter is it?")
到底系咩回事呀？ [Cantonese, simp.]
- 耶和華神對女人說，你作的是什麼事呢？女人說，那蛇引誘我，我就吃了。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 創世記 (Genesis) 2:7
- Yēhéhuá shén duì nǚrén shuō, nǐ zuò de shì shénme shì ne? Nǚrén shuō, nà shé yǐnyòu wǒ, wǒ jiù chī le. [Pinyin]
- And the Lord God said unto the woman, What is this that thou hast done? And the woman said, The serpent beguiled me, and I did eat.
耶和华神对女人说，你作的是什么事呢？女人说，那蛇引诱我，我就吃了。 [MSC, simp.]- 今日我們傳你來，有遵旨問你的事。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18th century CE
- Jīnrì wǒmen chuán nǐ lái, yǒu zūnzhǐ wèn nǐ de shì. [Pinyin]
- We called you here today, because we'd like to follow the emperor's order and ask you some questions.
今日我们传你来，有遵旨问你的事。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- task; work; job; career
- 茅盾的一個親戚，想到我在教書的教會學校裡來找事做了。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1935 April, 魏金枝, 《再說“賣文”》, in 《文飯小品》, issue 3
- Máo Dùn de yīge qīnqī, xiǎng dào wǒ zài jiāoshū de jiàohuì xuéxiào lǐ lái zhǎo shì zuò le. [Pinyin]
- A relative of Mao Dun would like to find work in the Catholic school that I teach at.
茅盾的一个亲戚，想到我在教书的教会学校里来找事做了。 [MSC, simp.]
- misfortune; mishap; accident; incident
- 惹事 ― rěshì ― to cause trouble
- 你冇事就好。 [Cantonese] ― nei5 mou5 si6 zau6 hou2. [Jyutping] ― I am glad to see that you are fine.
- responsibility; involvement
- 這裡沒你的事。／这里没你的事。 ― Zhèlǐ méi nǐ de shì. ― You have no business here.
- 唔關我事㗎／唔关我事㗎 [Cantonese] ― m4 gwaan1 ngo5 si6 gaa3 [Jyutping] ― It has nothing to do with me!
- (dialectal Hakka, Min Bei, Min Zhong) speech; words; language
- 建甌事／建瓯事 [Min Bei] ― Gṳ̿ing-é-dī [Kienning Colloquial Romanized] ― Jian'ou dialect
- (literary) to serve; to attend to someone
- 李嶠，字巨山，趙州贊皇人。早孤，事母孝。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: The New Book of Tang, 1060 CE
- Lǐ Qiáo, zì Jùshān, Zhàozhōu Zànhuáng rén. Zǎo gū, shì mǔ xiào. [Pinyin]
- Li Qiao, courtesy name Jushan, was a native of Zanhuang, Zhaozhou. His father died when he was young, and he served his mother with filial piety.
李峤，字巨山，赵州赞皇人。早孤，事母孝。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]- 讓我愛而不受感戴，讓我事而不受賞賜。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1930, 倪柝聲 [Watchman Nee], 《讓我愛》 [“Let Me Love and Not Be Respected”]
- Ràng wǒ ài ér bù shòu gǎndài, ràng wǒ shì ér bù shòu shǎngcì. [Pinyin]
- Let me love and not be respected;
Let me serve and not be rewarded.
让我爱而不受感戴，让我事而不受赏赐。 [MSC, simp.]- 有時走天堂窄路或會有困苦，忠心事主一生都蒙福。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1984 [1986], Frank C. Huston, translated by 劉福羣 [William C. Newbern] and 何統雄 [Richard Ho], revised by 滕近輝 [Philip Teng], 《事主蒙福》 [“It Pays to Serve Jesus”], in 《生命聖詩》 [Hymns of Life], song #478
- Yǒushí zǒu tiāntáng zhǎilù huò huì yǒu kùnkǔ, zhōngxīn shì Zhǔ yīshēng dōu méngfú. [Pinyin]
- Though the pathway to glory may sometimes be drear, You’ll be happy each step of the way. [original English lyrics]
Walking on the narrow road to Heaven may sometimes be miserable, You’ll be blessed all your life serving the Lord faithfully. [literal English translation]
有时走天堂窄路或会有困苦，忠心事主一生都蒙福。 [MSC, simp.]
- to be engaged in
- 不事生產／不事生产 ― bù shì shēngchǎn ― to lead an idle life
- (Beijing, erhua-ed) fussy; pernickety; troublesome
- 他這人特事兒。／他这人特事儿。 ― Tā zhè rén tè shìr. ― He is a very fussy person.
- 27th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "duties" (𝌠)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 事情 (“affair; matter”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 事 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 事情, 事 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 事兒 |
| Taiwan | 事 | |
| Jinan | 事兒 | |
| Xi'an | 事情, 事 | |
| Wuhan | 事情, 事 | |
| Chengdu | 事情, 事 | |
| Guilin | 事情, 事 | |
| Yangzhou | 事情, 事 | |
| Hefei | 事 | |
| Malaysia | 事 | |
| Singapore | 事情, 事 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 事, 事幹 |
| Hong Kong | 事, 事幹 | |
| Yangjiang | 事, 事幹 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 事 | |
| Penang (Guangfu) | 事 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 事 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 事 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 事情, 事 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 事情 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 事情 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 事情 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 事情 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 事情 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 事情 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 事情, 事 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 事 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 事計, 事 |
| Minqing | 事計 | |
| Singapore (Fuqing) | 事計 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 代誌 |
| Xiamen (Tong'an) | 代誌 | |
| Quanzhou | 代誌 | |
| Jinjiang | 代誌 | |
| Shishi | 好代 | |
| Zhangzhou | 代誌 | |
| Zhao'an | 事 | |
| Dongshan | 代誌 | |
| Taipei | 代誌 | |
| Kaohsiung | 代誌 | |
| Yilan | 代誌 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 代誌 | |
| Taichung | 代誌 | |
| Taichung (Wuqi) | 代誌 | |
| Tainan | 代誌 | |
| Taitung | 代誌 | |
| Hsinchu | 代誌 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 代誌 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 代誌 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 代誌 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 代誌 | |
| Chaozhou | 事 | |
| Shantou | 事 | |
| Jieyang | 事 | |
| Haifeng | 事 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 事 | |
| Wenchang | 事 | |
| Qionghai | 事 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 事 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 事體, 代誌, 出數 |
| Putian (Donghai) | 事體, 代誌 | |
| Putian (Jiangkou) | 事體, 代誌 | |
| Putian (Nanri) | 事體, 代誌 | |
| Xianyou | 事體, 代誌, 出數 | |
| Xianyou (Fengting) | 事體, 代誌 | |
| Xianyou (Youyang) | 事體, 代誌 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 事體 |
| Suzhou | 事體 | |
| Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 事體 | |
| Ningbo | 事體, 事幹 dated | |
| Zhoushan | 事體, 事幹 dated | |
| Wenzhou | 事幹 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 路徑, 路, 路子徑, 路子, 事 |
| Shuangfeng | 道路, 事 | |
Compounds
Derived terms from 事
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Descendants
Sino-Xenic (事):
- → Japanese: 事 (ji)
- → Korean: 사(事) (sa)
- → Vietnamese: sự (事)
Pronunciation 2
Definitions
事
- Alternative form of 倳 (zì, “to establish”).
- Alternative form of 剚 (zì, “to stab”).
References
- “事”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00048
Japanese
Kanji
事
(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)
Readings
- Go-on: じ (ji, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: し (shi)
- Kan’yō-on: ず (zu, Jōyō †)
- Kun: こと (koto, 事, Jōyō); つかう (tsukau, 事う)←つかふ (tukafu, historical); つかえる (tsukaeru, 事える)←つかへる (tukaferu, historical)
- Nanori: ろ (ro)
As an alternative form of 倳 and 剚:
- Go-on: し (shi)
- Kan-on: し (shi)
- Kun: さす (sasu, 事す); たてる (tateru, 事てる)
Compounds
Compounds
- 事案 (jian, “a concern”)
- 事宜 (jigi, “a fitting thing”)
- 事業 (jigyō, “a project, an enterprise”)
- 事局 (jikyoku, “circumstances”)
- 事件 (jiken, “an event, an affair”)
- 事故 (jiko, “an accident, an incident”)
- 事後 (jigo, “after-, post-, after the fact”)
- 事項 (jikō, “matters, articles”)
- 事実 (jijitsu, “a fact, the truth, actuality”)
- 事々物々 (jijibutsubutsu), 事事物物 (jijibutsubutsu, “everything”)
- 事象 (jishō, “an event, a phenomenon”)
- 事情 (jijō, “circumstances, consideration”)
- 事績 (jiseki, “an achievement, an exploit”)
- 事迹 (jiseki), 事跡 (jiseki), 事蹟 (jiseki, “evidence, trace”)
- 事前 (jizen, “prior, beforehand”)
- 事相 (jisō, “an aspect, a phase”)
- 事態 (jitai), 事体 (jitai, “a situation, a state of affairs”)
- 事大 (jidai, “subservient to the stronger”)
- 事典 (jiten, “an encyclopedia”)
- 事犯 (jihan, “a crime”)
- 事物 (jibutsu, “things, affairs”)
- 事変 (jihen, “an accident, a disaster”)
- 事務 (jimu, “business, clerical work”)
- 事務室 (jimushitsu, “an office”)
- 事由 (jiyū, “a reason, a cause”)
- 事理 (jiri, “a reason, facts”)
- 事例 (jirei, “an example, a precedent”)
- 火事 (kaji, “a fire, a conflagration”)
- 家事 (kaji, “household affairs”)
- 幹事 (kanji, “a manager, an organizer”)
- 記事 (kiji, “a news article, a news story”)
- 軍事 (gunji, “military affairs”)
- 刑事 (keiji, “a police detective”)
- 工事 (kōji, “construction”)
- 食事 (shokuji, “a meal”)
- 人事 (jinji, “personnel, human resources”)
- 知事 (chiji, “a prefectural governor”)
- 判事 (hanji, “a judge”)
- 人事 (hitogoto, “other people's affairs, other people's business”)
- 無事 (buji, “safety, peace”)
- 返事 (henji, “an answer, a reply”)
- 房事 (bōji, “sex, lovemaking”)
- 物事 (monogoto, “things, everything”)
- 用事 (yōji, “things to do”)
- 理事 (riji, “a director, a trustee”)
- 領事 (ryōji, “a consul”)
- 事新しい (koto atarashī, “new”)
- 事誤り (koto ayamari, “getting one's facts wrong”)
- 事改めて (koto aratamete, “anew”)
- 事欠く (kotokaku, “to lack something”)
- 事柄 (kotogara, “a matter, a thing”)
- 事切れる (koto kireru, “to expire, to die”)
- 事々 (kotogoto), 事事 (kotogoto, “everything”)
- 事々しい (kotogotoshī), 事事しい (kotogotoshī, “bombastic”)
- 事細か (koto komaka, “detailed”)
- 事立てる (kotodateru, “to do something different”)
- 事足りる (koto tariru, “to suffice, to be sufficient”)
- 事足る (koto taru, “to suffice, to be enough”)
- 事共 (kotodomo, “things, matters”)
- 事無し (koto nashi, “having nothing to do; light-hearted; having no faults”)
- 事勿れ (koto nakare, “a desire for peacefulness and nothing out of the ordinary”)
- 事勿れ主義 (koto nakare shugi, “peace-at-any-price-ism, don't-rock-the-boat-ism, the principle of acceding to anything to avoid trouble”)
- 事無く (koto naku, “without accident, without incident, without a hitch”)
- 事珍しく (koto mezurashiku, “strangely, oddly”)
- 事寄せる (koto yoseru), 言寄せる (koto yoseru, “to use something as an excuse or pretext”)
- 事寄る (koto yoru, “to have facts or events wind up pointing one way”)
- 仕事 (shigoto, “work, employment”)
- 見事 (migoto), 美事 (migoto, “splendid, magnificent”)
- 好事家 (kōzuka, “a dilettante”)
- 関心事 (kanshinji, “a matter of concern and interest”)
- 勝負事 (shōbugoto, “gambling, competition”)
- 出来事 (dekigoto, “an occurrence, an affair, an accident”)
- 事 (ji, “matters; affairs”) occur in a few compounds that were originally about the matters or affairs themselves, or an action upon those matters or affairs, but evolved into referring to the person doing something to the matters or affairs.
- 主事 (shuji, “superintendent”, literally “main matters”)
- 刑事 (keiji, “criminal detective”, literally “law enforcement/penal matters”)
- 判事 (hanji, “judge; justice”, literally “to judge matters”)
- 参事 (sanji, “secretary; counsellor; councillor”, literally “to attend to matters”)
- 執事 (shitsuji, “steward; butler”, literally “to execute matters”)
- 幹事 (kanji, “manager; secretary”, literally “to perform matters”)
- 検事 (kenji, “prosecutor”, literally “to inspect matters”)
- 理事 (riji, “director”, literally “to arrange matters”)
- 知事 (chiji, “prefectural governor”, literally “governing matters”)
- 通事 (tsūji, “interpreter”, literally “to smooth out matters”)
- 領事 (ryōji, “consul”, literally “to take/accept matters”)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 事 |
| こと Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 事 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 事, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 事 |
| じ Grade: 3 |
| goon |
From Middle Chinese. It seems the reading is from 事 (MC d͡ʒɨH, “to establish; to stab”), while the meaning is from 事 (MC t͡ʃɨH, “thing, matter; task, job”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [(d͡)ʑi]
Affix
事 • (ji)
- thing
- work; job; business
- to serve; to work for
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 事 (MC d͡ʒɨH).
| Historical readings |
|---|
|
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Wikisource事 (eumhun 일 사 (il sa))
- Hanja form? of 사 (“thing; matter”).
Compounds
Compounds
- 사건 (事件, sageon)
- 사력 (事力, saryeok)
- 사례 (事例, sarye)
- 사무 (事務, samu)
- 사사 (事事, sasa)
- 사전 (事典, sajeon)
- 사전 (事前, sajeon)
- 사주 (事主, saju)
- 사판 (事判, sapan)
- 사필귀정 (事必歸正, sapilgwijeong)
- 사세 (事勢, sase)
- 사대 (事大, sadae)
- 사실 (事實, sasil)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
事: Hán Việt readings: sự[1][2][3][4][5]
事: Nôm readings: sự[1][2][4][6], xì[3]
- chữ Hán form of sự (“deed; act; occurrence”).
- Nôm form of xì (“to leak out, to escape”).
Compounds
Compounds
- 指事 (chỉ sự)
- 領事 (lãnh sự)
- 軍事 (quân sự)
- 事故 (sự cố)
- 事件 (sự kiện)
- 事實 (sự thực)
- 時事 (thời sự)
References
- Nguyễn (2014).
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Trần (2004).
- Bonet (1899).
- Génibrel (1898).
- Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).