予

See also: 豫, 矛, and 𠄔

予	U+4E88, 予 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E88

← 亇
[U+4E87]

CJK Unified Ideographs

争 →
[U+4E89]

Translingual

Han character

予 (Kangxi radical 6, 亅+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 弓戈弓弓 (NINN), four-corner 1720₂, composition ⿱龴𠄐)

Shuowen Jiezi radical №127

Derived characters

[[伃, 𠰄, 㘧, 妤, 㜿, 𢎻, 𭛞, 忬, 抒, 汿, 𤝉, 䦽, 杼, 沀, 㶦, 𤤂, 𨑦, 㐨, 𤰩, 𥄛, 䂛, 𥝱, 紓(纾), 𦍗, 𧠐, 𧦃, 𧺥, 𨋋, 野, 𨱢, 𨥤, 舒, 魣(𮬛), 𪐧, 𮓪, 𭌗, 𪜝, 預(预), 𣖦, 𩿎, 豫, 㮊, 序, 芧, 𤵈, 𥩧, 𬯺, 𣏗, 𡍳, 㙒, 𡆹#Translingual|伃, 𠰄, 㘧, 妤, 㜿, 𢎻, 𭛞, 忬, 抒, 汿, 𤝉, 䦽, 杼, 沀, 㶦, 𤤂, 𨑦, 㐨, 𤰩, 𥄛, 䂛, 𥝱, 紓(纾), 𦍗, 𧠐, 𧦃, 𧺥, 𨋋, 野, 𨱢, 𨥤, 舒, 魣(𮬛), 𪐧, 𮓪, 𭌗, 𪜝, 預(预), 𣖦, 𩿎, 豫, 㮊, 序, 芧, 𤵈, 𥩧, 𬯺, 𣏗, 𡍳, 㙒, 𡆹]]

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 予

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Small seal script

**Oracle bone script**
j10319

**Small seal script**
s02873

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L34283	L34284	L14210	L14211	L14212	L14213	L14214	L14215
L14216	L14217	L14218	L14219	L14220

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (予) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
野	laːʔ, ɦljaʔ
壄	*laːʔ
序	*ljaʔ
抒	ljaʔ, hlja, *ɦljaʔ
芧	*l'aʔ
杼	l'aʔ, ɦljaʔ
墅	*ɦljaːʔ
舒	*hlja
紓	hlja, ɦljaʔ
妤	*la
伃	*la
予	la, laʔ
預	*las
忬	*las
豫	*las
蕷	*las
澦	*las

Two hands, each handing an object to another.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		予

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-la (“to pay; to give for”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǔ (yu³)
(Zhuyin): ㄩˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yì
Min Dong (BUC): ṳ̄
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ú / ír / í
(Teochew, Peng'im): e²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǔ
  - Wade–Giles: yü³
  - Yale: yǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeu
  - Palladius: юй (juj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁵
  - Yale: yúh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
  - Hakka Romanization System: iˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
  - Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̄
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ú
  - Tâi-lô: ú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: uo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /u⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ír
  - Tâi-lô: ír
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í
  - Tâi-lô: í
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ie
  - IPA (Jinjiang): /i⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /i⁵³/

Note: literary reading.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: e²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ṳ́
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɯ⁵²/

Middle Chinese: /jɨʌ^X/

Rime
Character	予
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	余吕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨʌ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɔ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/iɔ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨə̆^X/
Li Rong	/iɔ^X/
Wang Li	/jĭo^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*laʔ/
(Zhengzhang): /*laʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	予
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ yo^X ›
Old Chinese	/*laʔ/
English	give; together with
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	予
Reading #	2/2
No.	15739
Phonetic component	予
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*laʔ/

Definitions

予

(alt. form 與／与) to give
to praise; to esteem

Compounds

予以 (yǔyǐ)
予假 (yǔjià)
予告
予市 (Yǔshì)
寄予 (jìyǔ)
授予 (shòuyǔ)

施予
准予 (zhǔnyǔ)
不予置評／不予置评 (bùyǔzhìpíng)
予人口實／予人口实
生殺予奪／生杀予夺 (shēngshāyǔduó)

給予／给予 (jǐyǔ)
賜予／赐予 (cìyǔ)
賦予／赋予 (fùyǔ)
贈予／赠予 (zèngyǔ)
閔予小子／闵予小子

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		予
alternative forms		互乎與／与護／护付互乎與／与護／护付給／给呼後／后候𢗝厚被 “by” 讓／让 “to allow; to cause” 使 “to cause” 俾 “to cause” 度 Quanzhou

與 (OC *laʔ) is often considered to be the original character (Lin, 1998, 1999; Mei, 2007); Taiwan's Ministry of Education considers the cognate 予 (OC *laʔ) to be the original character. In either case, this would be the same word as etymology 1.

Alternatively, Zhao (1991) argues that this is a Kra-Dai substrate, suggesting a borrowing from Proto-Tai *haɰꟲ (“to give”), whence Zhuang hawj (“to give; to allow”) and Bouyei haec (“to give; to allow”). Note that the Tai word has been connected to Middle Chinese 許 (MC hɨʌ^X, “to allow”) (Manomaivibool, 1975). On the other hand, Zheng (2008) considers both the Hokkien word and the Kra-Dai word to be derived from 與.

Assuming 與 to be the etymon, there are also various theories on the development of the h- initial:

Old Chinese /*ɡl/ → /*ɡ/ → /*ɣ/ → /h/ (Mei, 2007);
Fricativization of the /*l/ initial in Old Chinese, possibly originating in the Chu dialect (Zheng, 2008);
/tʰ/ (Quanzhou) → /h/ (other varieties) (Lin, 1998; Zhou, 2006; Taiwan's Ministry of Education).

Sagart (2017c) considers 與 to be a problematic etymon but agrees with the third theory on the development of h- above. He suggests that a possible trigger for the change from /tʰ/ to /h/ is that /tʰɔ/ is often used with 乞 /kʰit/, allowing /kʰit tʰɔ/ to be reanalysed as /kʰit hɔ/. This etymology was also independently proposed by Lien (2002).

Pronunciation

Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hō͘ / thō͘ / hǒ͘
(Teochew, Peng'im): hou⁷

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō͘
  - Tâi-lô: hōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ho
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen, Singapore): /hɔ²²/
  - IPA (Changtai): /heu²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /hɔ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thō͘
  - Tâi-lô: thōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: to
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tʰɔ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Hui'an): /tʰɔ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǒ͘
  - Tâi-lô: hǒo
  - IPA (Lukang): /hɔ³³/

Note: vernacular reading.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hou⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hōu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hou¹¹/

Definitions

予

(Hokkien) to give
伊予我五箍。 [Hokkien] ― I hō͘ góa gō͘ kho͘. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― He gave me five dollars.
(Teochew) to deliver; to give
(Hokkien) to allow
予伊去！ [Hokkien] ― Hō͘ i khì! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― Let it go!
(Hokkien) to cause; to make
(Hokkien, Teochew) by (used in constructing the passive)
伊予人拍。 [Hokkien] ― I hō͘ lâng phah. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― He was beaten up (by someone).
(Penang Hokkien) to pay

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 給 (“to give”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		予, 畀
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		給
Mandarin	Beijing	給
	Taiwan	給
	Tianjin	給
	Jinan	給
	Xi'an	給
	Wuhan	把, 把得, 給
	Chengdu	給
	Guilin	給
	Yangzhou	把, 給
	Hefei	給
	Malaysia	給
	Singapore	給
Cantonese	Guangzhou	畀
	Hong Kong	畀
	Macau	畀
	Taishan	畀
	Dongguan	畀
	Yangjiang	畀
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	畀
	Penang (Guangfu)	畀
	Singapore (Guangfu)	畀
Gan	Nanchang	把
Hakka	Meixian	分
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	分
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	分
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	分
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	分
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	分
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	得
	Kuching (Hepo)	分
Jin	Taiyuan	給
Min Bei	Jian'ou	吶
Min Dong	Fuzhou	乞
Min Nan	Xiamen	予
	Quanzhou	予
	Zhangzhou	予
	Zhao'an	予
	Taipei	予
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	予
	Kaohsiung	予
	Yilan	予
	Changhua (Lukang)	予
	Taichung	予
	Taichung (Wuqi)	予
	Tainan	予
	Taitung	予
	Hsinchu	予
	Kinmen	予
	Penghu (Magong)	予
	Penang (Hokkien)	予
	Singapore (Hokkien)	予
	Manila (Hokkien)	予
	Chaozhou	分, 乞
	Shantou	分, 乞
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	乞
	Jieyang	分, 乞
	Haifeng	分, 予
	Singapore (Teochew)	乞
	Pontianak (Teochew)	分, 乞
	Leizhou	乞
	Wenchang	分
	Haikou	要
Wu	Shanghai	撥, 撥辣
	Suzhou	撥
	Ningbo	撥
	Wenzhou	匄
Xiang	Changsha	把

Dialectal synonyms of 被 (“by”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		被
Mandarin	Beijing	讓, 叫, 給
	Taiwan	讓, 叫, 給
	Jinan	叫, 讓
	Xi'an	叫
	Wuhan	把得
	Chengdu	遭, 叫
	Yangzhou	給, 把
	Hefei	給, 叫
	Malaysia	被, 給
	Singapore	被, 讓, 給
Cantonese	Guangzhou	畀
	Hong Kong	畀
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	畀
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	畀
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	畀
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	畀
	Macau	畀
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	畀
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	畀
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	畀
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	畀
	Foshan	畀
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	畀
	Foshan (Shunde)	畀
	Foshan (Sanshui)	畀
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	畀
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	畀
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	畀
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	畀
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	畀
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	畀
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	畀
	Taishan	畀
	Kaiping (Chikan)	畀
	Enping (Niujiang)	畀
	Heshan (Yayao)	畀
	Dongguan	畀
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	畀
	Shaoguan	畀
	Yunfu	畀
	Yangjiang	畀
	Xinyi	畀
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	畀
	Singapore (Guangfu)	畀
Gan	Nanchang	讓, 等
Hakka	Meixian	分
	Xingning	分
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	畀
	Huiyang	分
	Huidong (Daling)	分
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	分
	Boluo (Bendihua)	畀
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	分
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	畀
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	分
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	把
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	畀
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	把
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	分
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	分
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	分
	Liannan	分
	Conghua (Lütian)	分
	Jiexi	分
	Changting	得
	Wuping	得
	Wuping (Pingyu)	得
	Liancheng	給
	Ninghua	分
	Ruijin	得
	Shicheng	得
	Shangyou (Shexi)	討
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	分
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	分
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	分
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	分
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	分
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	得
	Hong Kong	分
	Senai (Huiyang)	分
	Kuching (Hepo)	分
Jin	Taiyuan	叫, 給
Min Bei	Jian'ou	吶
Min Dong	Fuzhou	乞
Min Nan	Xiamen	予, 乞
	Quanzhou	予, 乞
	Zhangzhou	予, 乞
	Taipei	予
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	予
	Kaohsiung	予
	Yilan	予
	Changhua (Lukang)	予
	Taichung	予
	Tainan	予
	Hsinchu	予
	Kinmen	予
	Penghu (Magong)	予
	Singapore (Hokkien)	予
	Manila (Hokkien)	予
	Chaozhou	分, 乞
	Shantou	分, 乞, 予
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	乞
	Jieyang	分
	Leizhou	乞
	Haikou	要
Wu	Shanghai	撥, 撥辣
	Suzhou	撥, 撥勒
	Ningbo	撥, 撥人家
	Wenzhou	匄
Xiang	Changsha	聽, 撈, 讓, 被
Xiang	Shuangfeng	耗

Dialectal synonyms of 付 (“to pay”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		付
Mandarin	Taiwan	付
	Guilin	付
	Yangzhou	付
	Malaysia	還, 付
	Singapore	還, 付
Cantonese	Guangzhou	畀
	Hong Kong	畀
	Singapore (Guangfu)	畀
Gan	Nanchang	付
Hakka	Kuching (Hepo)	還
Min Dong	Fuzhou	付
Min Nan	Taipei	付 GT
	Penang (Hokkien)	予
	Singapore (Hokkien)	還
	Manila (Hokkien)	把拉, 還 obsolete
Wu	Shanghai	付
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Derived terms

樹頭徛予在，毋驚樹尾做風颱／树头徛予在，毋惊树尾做风台 (chhiū-thâu khiā hō͘ chāi, m̄ kiaⁿ chhiū-bóe chò-hong-thai) (Min Nan)

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		予

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yú (yu²)
(Zhuyin): ㄩˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴
Min Dong (BUC): ṳ̀
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): û / îr / î
(Teochew, Peng'im): e⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yú
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yú
  - Wade–Giles: yü²
  - Yale: yú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
  - Palladius: юй (juj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁴
  - Yale: yùh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̀
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: û
  - Tâi-lô: û
  - Phofsit Daibuun: uu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /u²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: îr
  - Tâi-lô: îr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɯ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: î
  - Tâi-lô: î
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ii
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /i¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: e⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ṳ̂
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɯ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /jɨʌ/

Rime
Character	予
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以諸切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/iɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨə̆/
Li Rong	/iɔ/
Wang Li	/jĭo/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*laʔ/
(Zhengzhang): /*la/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	予
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yú
Middle Chinese	‹ yo ›
Old Chinese	/*laʔ/
English	I, we
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	予
Reading #	1/2
No.	15738
Phonetic component	予
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	余
Old Chinese	/*la/

Definitions

予

(obsolete) Alternative form of 余 (yú, “I, me”).
- 予畏上帝，不敢不正。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE
  Yú wèi shàngdì, bù gǎn bù zhèng. [Pinyin]
  As I fear the Heaven, I dare not but punish him.
- 夫子矢之曰：「予所否者，天厭之！天厭之！」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  夫子矢之曰：“予所否者，天厌之！天厌之！” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Fūzǐ shǐ zhī yuē: “Yú suǒ pǐ zhě, tiān yàn zhī! Tiān yàn zhī!” [Pinyin]
  On which the Master swore, saying, "Wherein I have done improperly, may Heaven reject me! May Heaven reject me!"
a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 我 (“I”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		吾, 我, 余, 予, 台, 朕, 臣, 愚 humble
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		我, 本人 humble, 在下 humble
Mandarin	Beijing	我
	Taiwan	我
	Tianjin	我
	Langfang	我
	Chengde	我
	Tangshan	我
	Cangzhou	我, 俺
	Baoding	我
	Shijiazhuang	我, 俺
	Ulanhot	我
	Tongliao	我
	Chifeng	我, 咱
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	我
	Heihe	我, 俺
	Qiqihar	我, 俺
	Harbin	我, 俺
	Jiamusi	我, 俺, 咱
	Baicheng	我
	Changchun	我
	Tonghua	我, 咱
	Shenyang	我
	Dandong	我, 俺
	Jinzhou	我
	Dalian	我
	Yantai	我, 俺
	Yantai (Muping)	我, 俺
	Qingdao	我, 俺
	Lijin	我, 俺
	Weifang (Weicheng)	我, 俺
	Weifang (Fangzi)	我, 俺
	Weifang (Hanting)	我, 俺
	Changyi	我, 俺
	Gaomi	我, 俺
	Zhucheng	我, 俺
	Anqiu	我, 俺
	Changle	我, 俺
	Linqu	我, 俺
	Qingzhou	俺
	Shouguang	我, 俺
	Rizhao	我, 俺
	Wulian	我, 俺
	Jinan	我, 俺
	Jining	我, 俺
	Luoyang	我, 俺
	Wanrong	我, 俺
	Shangqiu	我, 俺
	Yuanyang	我, 俺
	Zhengzhou	我, 俺
	Kaifeng	我, 俺
	Lingbao	我
	Xinyang	我
	Ankang	我
	Baihe	我
	Ziyang	我
	Hanzhong	我
	Xi'an	我, 俺 †
	Baoji	我
	Yinchuan	我
	Tongxin	我
	Zhongwei	我
	Guyuan	我
	Tianshui	我
	Lanzhou	我
	Dunhuang	我
Xining	我
Hami	我
Ürümqi	我
Yanqi	我
Wuhan	我
Huanggang	我
Yichang	我
Xiangyang	我
Tianmen	我
Hong'an	我
Chengdu	我
Chengdu (Xindu)	我
Nanchong	我
Nanbu	我
Dazhou	我
Hanyuan	我
Xichang	我
Zigong	我
Chongqing	我
Lhasa	我
Guiyang	我
Zunyi	我
Bijie	我
Liping	我
Zhaotong	我
Dali	我
Kunming	我
Mengzi	我
Guilin	我
Guilin (Lingui)	我
Guanyang	我
Lipu	我
Pingle	我
Yangshuo	我
Liuzhou	我
Nanning (Xiakuojie)	我
Nanning (Fujian)	我
Nanning (Wuming)	我
Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming)	我
Binyang (Nanjie)	我
Shanglin (Sanli)	我
Yizhou	我
Qinzhou (Longmengang)	我
Jishou	我
Changde	我, 頑, 俺
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)	我
Anqing	我
Xuzhou	我, 俺, 咱
Xuzhou (Jiawang)	俺, 我
Pizhou	俺, 我
Suining	我
Xinyi	我, 俺
Fengxian	我, 俺
Suqian	俺
Ganyu	我, 俺
Fuyang	我, 俺
Wuhu	我
Yangzhou	我
Jiangdu	我
Baoying	我
Gaoyou	我
Yizheng	我
Lianyungang	我, 俺
Donghai	我, 俺
Guanyun	我
Guannan	我, 呣
Huai'an (Huaiyin)	我
Huai'an (Hongze)	我
Lianshui	我
Xuyi	我
Jinhu	我
Xinghua	我
Nanjing	我
Hefei	我
Bengbu	我, 俺
Chuzhou	我
Nantong	我
Rugao	我
Rudong	我
Hai'an	我
Yancheng	我
Dongtai	我
Sheyang	我
Funing	我
Jianhu	我
Xiangshui	我
Shuyang	我
Sihong	我, 俺
Taizhou	我
Taixing	我
Jiangyan	我
Jingjiang (Dongxing)	我
Zhenjiang	我
Jurong	我
Malaysia	我
Singapore	我
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	我
Dagudi (Maliba)	我
Reshuitang (Longling)	我
Mae Salong (Lancang)	我
Mae Sai (Tengchong)	我
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)	我
Cantonese	Guangzhou	我
	Hong Kong	我
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	我
	Macau	我
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	我
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	我
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	我
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	我
	Foshan	我
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	我
	Foshan (Shunde)	我
	Foshan (Sanshui)	我
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	我
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	我
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	我
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	我
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	我
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	𠊎
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	我
	Taishan	我
	Kaiping (Chikan)	我
	Enping (Niujiang)	我
	Heshan (Yayao)	我
	Dongguan	我
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	我
	Qingyuan	我
	Fogang	我
	Yingde (Hanguang)	我
	Yangshan	我
	Lianshan (Butian)	我
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	我
	Shaoguan	我
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	我
	Renhua	我
	Lechang	我
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	我
	Sihui	我
	Guangning	我
	Deqing	我
	Huaiji	我
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	儂
	Yunfu	我, 儂
	Xinxing	我
	Luoding	我
	Yunan (Pingtai)	我
	Yangjiang	我
	Xinyi	我
	Maoming (Xinpo)	我
	Lianjiang	我
	Wuchuan (Wuyang)	我
	Nanning	我
	Wuzhou	我
	Yulin	我
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	我
	Hepu (Shatian)	我
	Guiping	我
	Mengshan (Xihe)	我
	Guigang (Nanjiang)	我
	Beiliu	我
	Baise	我
	Bobai	我
	Lingshan	我
	Pubei	我
	Qinzhou	我
Beihai	我
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	我
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	我
Ningming	我
Hengxian	我
Hezhou (Pumen)	儂
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	我
Danzhou	我
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	我
Penang (Guangfu)	我
Singapore (Guangfu)	我
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	我
Móng Cái	我
Gan	Nanchang	我
	Nanchang (Wangcheng)	我
	Anyi	我仂
	Lushan	我
	Pengze	我
	Duchang	我, 我濃
	Wuning (Quankou)	我
	Poyang	我
	Yugan	阿, 我郎
	Wannian	阿
	Hengfeng	阿, 阿仂
	Yanshan	阿, 阿仂
	Leping	阿
	Yichun	我
	Yifeng	阿
	Gao'an	我
	Fengxin	我
	Shanggao	我
	Wanzai	我
	Fengcheng	我
	Xinyu	阿, 我
	Fuzhou (Shangdundu)	我
	Fuzhou (Dongxiang)	阿仂
	Nancheng	阿
	Nanfeng	阿仂, 阿
	Yihuang	我
	Lichuan	我, 阿
	Chongren	我
	Pingxiang	巷
	Lianhua	我
	Ji'an	阿, 我
	Yongfeng	我
	Taihe	我
	Xiajiang	我
	Yongxin	我
	Yingtan (Yujiang)	阿
	Guixi	阿, 阿仂
	Jianning	我
	Jinxian	我
	Jinxi	阿
	Le'an	我
	Guangchang	阿
	Anfu	我
	Suichuan	𠊎
	Wan'an	𠊎
	Jing'an	我
	Zhangshu	我
	Xingan	我
	Fenyi	我
Hakka	Meixian	𠊎
	Xingning	𠊎
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	我
	Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)	我
	Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)	我
	Huiyang	𠊎
	Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)	我
	Huidong (Daling)	𠊎
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	𠊎
	Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)	我
	Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)	我
	Boluo (Bendihua)	我
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	𠊎
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	𠊎
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	𠊎
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	𠊎
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	𠊎
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	𠊎
	Wuhua (Changbu)	𠊎
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	𠊎
	Wuhua (Meilin)	𠊎
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	我
	Zijin	我
	Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)	我
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	我
	Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)	我
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	我
	Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)	我
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	我
	Wengyuan	𠊎
	Nanxiong (Zhuji)	𠊎
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	𠊎
	Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)	我
	Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)	我
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	𠊎
	Liannan	𠊎
	Conghua (Lütian)	𠊎
	Jiexi	𠊎
	Luhe	𠊎
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	𠊎
	Changting	𠊎
	Shanghang	𠊎
	Yongding	𠊎
	Wuping	𠊎
	Wuping (Yanqian)	𠊎
	Wuping (Pingyu)	𠊎
	Liancheng	𠊎
	Ninghua	𠊎
	Qingliu	𠊎
	Yudu	𠊎
	Ningdu	𠊎
	Ruijin	𠊎
	Shicheng	𠊎
	Shangyou (Shexi)	𠊎
	Tonggu (Sandu)	𠊎
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	𠊎
	Dayu	𠊎
	Dingnan	𠊎
	Longnan	𠊎
	Xunwu	𠊎
	Huichang	𠊎
	Nankang	𠊎
	Chongyi	𠊎
	Xingguo	𠊎
Miaoli (N. Sixian)	𠊎
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	𠊎
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	𠊎
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	𠊎
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	𠊎
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	𠊎
Hong Kong	𠊎
Yangxi (Tangkou)	𠊎
Yangchun (Sanjia)	𠊎
Xinyi (Sihe)	𠊎
Xinyi (Qianpai)	𠊎
Gaozhou (Xindong)	𠊎
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	𠊎
Huazhou (Xin'an)	𠊎
Lianjiang (Shijiao)	𠊎
Lianjiang (Qingping)	𠊎
Mengshan (Xihe)	𠊎
Luchuan	𠊎
Luchuan (Daqiao)	𠊎
Bobai (Shahe)	𠊎
Bobai (Longtan)	𠊎
Bobai (Lingping)	𠊎
Bobai (Lingjiao)	𠊎
Beiliu (Tang'an)	𠊎
Mashan (Pianlian)	我
Sabah (Longchuan)	𠊎, 我
Senai (Huiyang)	𠊎
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	𠊎
Singkawang	𠊎
Singapore (Dabu)	𠊎
Bangkok (Meixian)	𠊎
Huizhou	Jixi	我
	Shexian	我, 阿
	Wuyuan	我
	Fuliang	我
	Dexing	我
	Chun'an (Qiandaohu)	我
	Jiande (Meicheng)	黨, 卬
	Jiande (Shouchang)	我, 我儂
Jin	Taiyuan	我, 俺 †, used only by females
	Yangyuan	我, 俺
	Datong	我
	Xinzhou	我, 俺
	Lishi	我, 俺
	Linfen	我
	Changzhi	我
	Linhe	我
	Jining	我, 俺
	Hohhot	我, 俺
	Erenhot	我, 俺
	Pingshan	我, 俺
	Zhangjiakou	我
	Handan	我, 俺
	Linzhou	我, 俺
	Suide	我
Min Bei	Jian'ou	我, 俺
	Songxi	我
	Zhenghe	我
	Jianyang	我
Min Dong	Fuzhou	我, 奴
	Changle	我
	Lianjiang	我
	Fuqing	我
	Pingtan	我
	Yongtai	我
	Minqing	我
	Gutian	我
	Pingnan	我
	Luoyuan	我
	Fu'an	我
	Ningde	我
	Xiapu	我
	Zherong	我
	Shouning	我
	Zhouning	我
	Fuding	我
	Taishun	我
	Cangnan	我
	Singapore (Fuqing)	我
	Manjung (Gutian)	我
Min Nan	Xiamen	我, 阮
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	我
	Quanzhou	我, 阮
	Jinjiang	我
	Nan'an	我
	Shishi	我
	Hui'an	我
	Anxi	我
	Yongchun	我
	Dehua	我
	Zhangzhou	我, 阮
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	我
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	我
	Hua'an	我
	Nanjing	我
	Pinghe	我
	Zhangpu	我
	Yunxiao	我
	Zhao'an	我
	Dongshan	我
	Taipei	我, 阮 GT
	Taipei (Wanhua)	我
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	我
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	我
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	我
	Kaohsiung	我
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	我
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	我
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	我
	Yilan	我
	Changhua (Lukang)	我
	Taichung	我
	Taichung (Wuqi)	我
	Tainan	我
	Taitung	我
	Hsinchu	我
	Kinmen	我
	Penghu (Magong)	我
	Penang (Hokkien)	我
	Singapore (Hokkien)	我
	Manila (Hokkien)	我
	Longyan	我
	Zhangping	我
	Datian	我
	Shunchang (Pushang)	我
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	我
	Guilin (Biyange)	我
	Cangnan	我
	Chaozhou	我
	Shantou	我
	Shantou (Chenghai)	我
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	我
	Jieyang	我
	Haifeng	我
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	我
	Singapore (Teochew)	我
	Pontianak (Teochew)	我
	Wenchang	我, 儂 polite/humble
	Haikou	我
	Singapore (Hainanese)	我, 儂 polite/humble
Puxian Min	Putian	我
Puxian Min	Xianyou	我
Min Zhong	Yong'an	我
	Shaxian	我
	Yanping (Wangtai)	我
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	伉
	Guangze	伉
	Jiangle	我
	Mingxi	我
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	我
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	我
Shehua	Jingning	我
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	我
Wu	Shanghai	我, 阿拉
	Shanghai (Chongming)	我
	Shanghai (Jiading)	唔, 唔儂
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	我儂
	Suzhou	我, 奴
	Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)	吾, 吾奴
	Wuxi	我
	Changshu	我
	Haimen	我
	Jiaxing	我奴
	Jiashan	我奴, 我
	Pinghu	我奴, 我
	Haining (Yanguan)	我
	Tongxiang	我
	Haiyan	我, 活儂, 活奴
	Changzhou	我
	Danyang	我
	Gaochun	我
	Huzhou	是我
	Changxing	我, 是我
	Anji	我
	Deqing	我
	Hangzhou	我
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	我, 是我
	Hangzhou (Lin'an)	我, 是我, 什我
	Hangzhou (Fuyang)	我, 是我
	Hangzhou (Xiaoshan)	我
	Tonglu	我, 是我
	Tonglu (Wusheng)	我
	Shaoxing	我
	Zhuji	我
	Shengzhou	我
	Xinchang	我
	Ningbo	我, 我儂, 像我
	Zhenhai	我
	Fenghua	我
	Yuyao	我
	Cixi	我
	Xiangshan	我, 像我
	Zhoushan	伢
	Huangyan	我
	Tiantai	我
	Xianju	我
	Sanmen	我
	Linhai	我
	Wenling	我俚
	Wenzhou	我
	Yueqing	我
	Yongjia (Fenglin)	我
	Rui'an	我
	Pingyang	我
	Taishun	我
	Wencheng	我
	Lishui	我
	Qingtian	我
	Jinyun	我, 動我
	Wuyi (Liucheng)	我
	Songyang (Xiping)	我
	Yunhe	我
	Jingning	我
	Qingyuan	我
	Longquan	我
	Quzhou	我
	Suichang	我, 我儂
Jiangshan	我
Changshan	我
Kaihua	我, 我儂
Longyou	我, 我儂
Jinhua	我, 我儂
Jinhua (Tangxi)	我, 我儂
Yiwu	我
Yongkang	我
Pujiang	我
Dongyang	我
Wuyi	我, 我儂
Lanxi	我, 我儂
Shangrao	阿儂
Shangrao (Guangfeng)	阿
Yushan	阿, 儂
Xiang	Changsha	我
	Loudi	我
	Shuangfeng	我, 卬
	Quanzhou	我
Note	† - as an attributive, used without 的; GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

予一人 (yúyīrén)
予取予求 (yúqǔyúqiú)

予小子
人莫予毒 (rénmòyúdú)

莫予毒也 (mòyúdúyě)

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 予 – see 豫 (“relaxed; comfortable; at ease; etc.”). (This character, 予, is the second-round simplified and variant form of 豫.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 予 – see 預 (“beforehand; to take part in; etc.”). (This character, 予, is the second-round simplified form of 預.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Shinjitai	予
Kyūjitai	豫

Kanji

予

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 豫)

beforehand, in advance

Readings

Go-on: よ (yo, Jōyō); しょ (sho)^{←しよ (syo, historical)}; じょ (jo)^{←ぢよ (dyo, historical)}
Kan-on: よ (yo, Jōyō); しょ (sho)^{←しよ (syo, historical)}; ちょ (cho)^{←ちよ (tyo, historical)}
Kun: あらかじめ (arakajime, 予め); かねて (kanete, 予て); あたえる (ataeru, 予える); ゆるす (yurusu, 予す); われ (ware, 予)

Compounds

予(よ)報(ほう) (yohō)
予(よ)約(やく) (yoyaku, “reservation, appointment”)
予(よ)定(てい) (yotei, “schedule”)
予(よ)感(かん) (yokan)

Kanji

予

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

I; me
to give

Readings

On (unclassified): よ (yo, Jōyō)
Kun: われ (ware); あたえる (ataeru, 予える)^{←あたへる (ataferu, historical)}

Compounds

予(よ)輩(はい) (yohai)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
予
よ Grade: 3
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
余

From Middle Chinese 予 (MC jɨʌ).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) よ [yóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [jo̞]

Pronoun

予(よ) • (yo)

first-person personal pronoun; I, me
- 1802-1814: Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige (volume 1)
  予此街道に毫をはせて膝栗毛の書を著す。
  I, on this highway, in a little while, "Hizakurige"'s lyrics I'll write

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Asō, Isoji (1958) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 62: Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

予 (eum 여 (yeo))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

予: Hán Nôm readings: nhừ, dư

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

予

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

Further reading

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

Etymology 4

Etymology 5

Further reading

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

References

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character

References