亂
See also: 乱
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Translingual
| Japanese | 乱 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 乱 |
| Traditional | 亂 |
Han character
亂 (Kangxi radical 5, 乙+12, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月月山 (BBU), four-corner 22210, composition ⿰𤔔乚)
Derived characters
- 𠏢, 薍, 𥂽
Descendants
- 乱 (Japanese shinjitai and simplified Chinese)
References
- KangXi: page 84, character 33
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 214
- Dae Jaweon: page 173, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 57, character 10
- Unihan data for U+4E82
- Unihan data for U+F91B
Chinese
| trad. | 亂 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 乱 | |
| alternative forms | 乨 乿 𠃶 𠃹 𠃿 乨 乿 𠃶 𠃹 𠃿 𢿢 𢿮 𤕅 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 亂 | ||
|---|---|---|
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References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Characters in the same phonetic series (亂) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 覼 | *roːl |
| 亂 | *roːns |
| 薍 | *ŋroːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːns) : phonetic 𤔔 (*[r]ˁo[n]-s) + semantic 乚. The left-side component 𤔔 is itself ideogrammatic, depicting the effort to comb a tangle of threads, hence the semantic link to order and disorder.
Etymology
Area word of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Khmer ប្រួល (pruəl, “changing; unstable”) < Khmer រួល (ruəl, “to cook; to grill”), and also Khmer កំរោល (kɑmraol, “to go berserk; to become excited”) < Khmer រោល (rool, “to burn; to roast”) (Schuessler, 2007). Burmese [Term?] and Tibetan ཁྲལ་ཁྲུལ (khral khrul, “fragments; scattered”) are Austroasiatic loans. Compare also Vietnamese lộn (“to turn the inside out, upside down, to reverse, to return, etc.”) and trộn (“to mix; to blend; to turn upside down”).
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
亂
- disorderly; chaotic
- 添亂／添乱 ― tiānluàn ― to add trouble
- 你的頭髮很亂。／你的头发很乱。 ― Nǐ de tóufà hěn luàn. ― Your hair is very messy.
- 亂到狗竇噉／乱到狗窦噉 [Cantonese] ― lyun6 dou3 gau2 dau3 gam2 [Jyutping] ― as messy as a dog's nest
- unstable; volatile; turbulent
- 天下大亂／天下大乱 ― tiānxiàdàluàn ― the world is in utter chaos
- unrest; uprising; revolt; rebellion
- 內亂／内乱 ― nèiluàn ― domestic turmoil
- 安史之亂／安史之乱 ― ānshǐzhīluàn ― An Lushan Rebellion
- 自云先世避秦時亂，率妻子邑人來此絕境，不復出焉，遂與外人間隔。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 421, Tao Yuanming, 桃花源記／桃花源记 (The Peach Blossom Spring)
- Zì yún xiānshì bì Qín shí luàn, lǜ qīzǐ yìrén lái cǐ juéjìng, bù fù chū yān, suì yǔ wàirén jiāngé. [Pinyin]
- They told the fisherman that their ancestors had fled the chaos of the Qin Dynasty, and had led their wives and fellow villagers to this isolated area. No one had left since. As a result, they had become completely cut off from the outside world.
自云先世避秦时乱，率妻子邑人来此绝境，不复出焉，遂与外人间隔。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- confused; befuddled
- distraught; upset
- 慌亂／慌乱 ― huāngluàn ― flurried; flustered
- 我現在心裡很亂。／我现在心里很乱。 ― Wǒ xiànzài xīnlǐ hěn luàn. ― My mind is in turmoil right now.
- promiscuous
- 淫亂／淫乱 ― yínluàn ― to be promiscuous; to be licentious
- wildly; in an uncontrolled way; without order or reason; at random; haphazardly; having no direction or coherence; recklessly
- 亂說／乱说 ― luànshuō ― to say whatever is on one's mind
- 亂舞／乱舞 ― luànwǔ ― to dance in an unorganized, uncoordinated way
- to obscure; to blur; to mix up
- 以假亂真／以假乱真 ― yǐjiǎluànzhēn ― to pass off fake items as genuine or mix the fake with the genuine
- to destroy; to ruin; to throw into disorder; to upset
- 自亂陣腳／自乱阵脚 ― zì luàn zhènjiǎo ― (please add an English translation of this example)
- 子曰：「巧言亂德，小不忍則亂大謀。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐyuē: “Qiǎoyán luàn dé, xiǎo bù rěn zé luàn dà móu.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "Specious words confound virtue. Want of forbearance in small matters confounds great plans."
子曰：“巧言乱德，小不忍则乱大谋。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (obsolete, literary, music or poetry) coda; finale; conclusion of a piece
- 子曰：「師摯之始，《關雎》之亂，洋洋乎盈耳哉！」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐyuē: “Shī Zhì zhī shǐ, “Guānjū” zhī luàn, yángyáng hū yíng ěr zāi!” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "When the music master Zhi first entered on his office, the finish of the Guan Ju was magnificent — how it filled the ears!"
子曰：“师挚之始，《关雎》之乱，洋洋乎盈耳哉！” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Classical Chinese) to administer; to govern; to manage
- 眇眇予末小子，其能而亂四方以敬忌天威。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
- Miǎomiǎo yǔmòxiǎozǐ, qí néng ér luàn sìfāng yǐ jìngjì tiānwēi. [Pinyin]
- I am utterly insignificant and but a child, how should I be able to govern the four quarters (of the kingdom) with a corresponding reverent awe of the dread majesty of Heaven!
眇眇予末小子，其能而乱四方以敬忌天威。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (rare and obsolete) to cross a body of water
- 西傾因桓是來，浮于潛，逾于沔，入于渭，亂于河。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Xīqīng yīn Huán shì lái, fú yú Qián, yú yú Miǎn, rù yú Wèi, luàn yú hé. [Pinyin]
- From Xi-qing they came by the course of the Huan; floated along the Qian, and then crossed the country to the Mian; passed to the Wei, and finally ferried across the He.
西倾因桓是来，浮于潜，逾于沔，入于渭，乱于河。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
- (disorderly):
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Synonyms of 亂
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- (unstable):
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- (distraught): 煩亂／烦乱 (fánluàn)
- (wildly):
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- (to obscure):
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Synonyms of 亂
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- (to damage):
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Synonyms of 亂
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- (to administer): 管理 (guǎnlǐ), (literary, or in compounds) 理 (lǐ), 統治／统治 (tǒngzhì), 治理 (zhìlǐ)
- (wildly): (Teochew) 四散 (si3 suan2), (Taiwanese Hokkien) 烏白／乌白 (o͘-pe̍h)
Compounds
Derived terms from 亂
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Pronunciation 2
Definitions
亂
- (Teochew) casually; as one pleases
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 隨便／随便 (“casually; as one pleases; at random”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 隨便／随便 | |
| Mandarin | Taiwan | 隨便／随便 |
| Yangzhou | 隨便／随便 | |
| Nanjing | 隨便／随便 | |
| Malaysia | 隨便／随便 | |
| Singapore | 隨便／随便 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 隨便／随便, 是但, 求其 |
| Hong Kong | 隨便／随便, 是但, 求其 | |
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 隨便／随便 | |
| Macau | 是但 | |
| Guangzhou (Panyu) | 是但, 隨便／随便 | |
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 是但 | |
| Guangzhou (Conghua) | 隨便／随便 | |
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 是但 | |
| Foshan | 是但, 隨便／随便 | |
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 是但 | |
| Foshan (Shunde) | 是但 | |
| Foshan (Sanshui) | 隨便／随便 | |
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 求其 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 是但 | |
| Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 是但 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 求其 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen) | 是但, 隨便／随便 | |
| Jiangmen (Baisha) | 是但 | |
| Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 求其, 是但 | |
| Taishan | 是但, 求其 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 是但, 求其 | |
| Enping (Niujiang) | 求其, 是但 | |
| Heshan (Yayao) | 是但, 隨便／随便 | |
| Dongguan | 隨便／随便, 是但, 求其 | |
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 是但 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 隨便／随便 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 隨便／随便 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 隨便／随便 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 隨便／随便 |
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 隨便／随便 | |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 隨便／随便 | |
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 隨便／随便 | |
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 隨便／随便 | |
| Conghua (Lütian) | 隨便／随便 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 儘採／尽采 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 儘採／尽采 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 儘採／尽采 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 儘採／尽采 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 儘採／尽采 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 儘採／尽采 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 隨便／随便 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 隨便／随便 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 凊彩 |
| Quanzhou | 凊彩 | |
| Anxi | 凊彩 | |
| Zhangzhou | 凊彩 | |
| Zhao'an | 凊彩 | |
| Dongshan | 凊彩 | |
| Tainan | 凊彩 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 凊彩 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 凊彩 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 凊彩 | |
| Chaozhou | 亂／乱 | |
| Shantou | 亂／乱, 凊彩 | |
| Jieyang | 亂／乱, 凊彩 | |
| Lufeng | 凊彩 | |
| Haifeng | 凊彩 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 亂／乱, 凊彩 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 凊彩 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 是但 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 隨便／随便 |
| Danyang | 隨便／随便 | |
| Jinhua | 隨便／随便 | |
| Xiang | Loudi | 隨便／随便 |
Japanese
Shinjitai | 乱 |
Kyūjitai | 亂 |
Kanji
亂
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 乱)
- turbulent
Readings
- Go-on: らん (ran)
- Kan-on: らん (ran)
- Kan’yō-on: ろん (ron)
- Kun: みだれる (midareru, 亂れる); みだす (midasu, 亂す); みだりに (midarini, 亂りに)
Korean
Hanja
亂 (eumhun 어지러울 란 (eojireoul ran), South Korea 어지러울 난 (eojireoul nan))
- Hanja form? of 란/난 (“confusion, state of chaos”).
- Hanja form? of 란/난 (“create chaos, revolt”).
Vietnamese
Han character
亂: Hán Nôm readings: loạn, trộn, lộn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References
- Nom Foundation