九真

九真

Chinese

		nine	real; true; genuine
simp. and trad. (九真)		九	真

Etymology

Ferlus (2012b) and Pain (2020) propose that 九真 (OC kuˀ-cin) transcribed *k.cin, a local autonym which is reflected in Puoc [script needed] (ksiːŋ muːl) & Thavung [script needed] (ktiːŋ²) meaning "human being, people", the latter from Proto-Vietic *kciːŋ, which consists of prefix *k- and *ciɲ (“leg, foot”); thus, "human beings" are "(those who are) on foot, those who stand on their feet."

Pain further suggests that "Cửu Chân might therefore have been inhabited by some ancestors of the Southern Vietic Thavung - Aheu."

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Jiǔzhēn

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄓㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gau² zan¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Jiǔzhēn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄓㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Jiǒujhen
    • Wade–Giles: Chiu³-chên¹
    • Yale: Jyǒu-jēn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jeoujen
    • Palladius: Цзючжэнь (Czjučžɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gau² zan¹
    • Yale: gáu jān
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gau² dzan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: geo² zen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³⁵ t͡sɐn⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: /kɨu^X  t͡ɕiɪn/

Rime
Character	九	真
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	舉有切	側鄰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨuX/	/t͡ɕiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/kiuX/	/t͡ɕin/
Shao Rongfen	/kiəuX/	/t͡ɕjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuwX/	/cin/
Li Rong	/kiuX/	/t͡ɕiĕn/
Wang Li	/kĭəuX/	/t͡ɕĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ə̯uX/	/t͡ɕi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǔ	zhēn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau2	zan1

Proper noun

九真

1. (～郡) Jiuzhen (an ancient commandery of China; located in modern-day Vietnam)
2. (～鎮) Jiuzhen (a town in Tianmen, Hubei, China)

---

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
九	真

Proper noun

九真

1. chữ Hán form of Cửu Chân (“Jiuzhen Commandery”).