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单词 乏
释义

乏

乏 U+4E4F, 乏
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E4F
← 乎
[U+4E4E]		CJK Unified Ideographs乐 →
[U+4E50]

Translingual

Han character

乏 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+4 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 丿+3 in mainland China and Japanese, 5 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 4 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 竹戈弓人 (HINO), four-corner 20307, composition ⿱㇒之)

Derived characters

  • 姂, 㞏, 柉, 泛, 疺, 眨, 砭, 窆, 䍇, 䒦, 覂, 貶, 𪀐

References

  • KangXi: page 82, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 133
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 34, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4E4F

Chinese

simp. and trad.
乏
alternative forms𠂜
𠓟
𣥄

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 乏
Bronze inscriptions

b01949

b01950

b01951

Small seal script

s01204

Transcribed ancient scripts

L29409

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (乏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
砭*prom, *proms
貶*promʔ
窆*proms
泛*pʰoms, *bob
姂*pʰoms, *bob, *kpʰob
䒦*pʰom, *pʰoms
柉*bom
覂*poŋʔ
眨*sproːb
鴔*brub
乏*bob

Possibly an ideogram (指事) generated by replacing uppermost stroke of 正 (“straight; right”) with a slanted stroke 丿 — not right; lacking.

According to Shuowen, an ideogram (指事) created from reversing 正 (“straight; right”). This is more evident in the Small Seal Script form.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fá (fa2)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄚˊ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): fat6
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fa̍t
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fad6
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): hoa̍t / ha̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huag8 / huêg8 / hêg8 / hag8
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: fá
      • Zhuyin: ㄈㄚˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: fá
      • Wade–Giles: fa2
      • Yale: fá
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: far
      • Palladius: фа (fa)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /fä³⁵/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: fat6
      • Yale: faht
      • Cantonese Pinyin: fat9
      • Guangdong Romanization: fed6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /fɐt̚²/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fa̍t
      • Hakka Romanization System: fad
      • Hagfa Pinyim: fad6
      • Sinological IPA: /fat̚⁵/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: fad6
      • Sinological IPA: /fat̚⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoa̍t / ha̍t
      • Tâi-lô: hua̍t / ha̍t
      • Phofsit Daibuun: hoat, hat
      • IPA (Xiamen): /huat̚⁴/, /hat̚⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /huat̚²⁴/, /hat̚²⁴/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /huat̚¹²¹/, /hat̚¹²¹/
      • IPA (Taipei): /huat̚⁴/, /hat̚⁴/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /huat̚⁴/, /hat̚⁴/
Note:
  • hoa̍t - literary;
  • ha̍t - vernacular.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: huag8 / huêg8 / hêg8 / hag8
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hua̍k / hue̍k / he̍k / ha̍k
      • Sinological IPA (key): /huak̚⁴/, /huek̚⁴/, /hek̚⁴/, /hak̚⁴/
Note:
  • huag8/huêg8 - literary (huêg8 - Chaozhou);
  • hêg8 - vernacular (“tired”);
  • hag8 - vernacular (“to lack”).
  • Middle Chinese: /bɨɐp̚/
Rime
Character乏
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)並 (3)
Final (韻)凡 (148)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Closed
Division (等)III
Fanqie房法切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/bɨɐp̚/
Pan
Wuyun		/biɐp̚/
Shao
Rongfen		/biɐp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/buap̚/
Li
Rong		/biɐp̚/
Wang
Li		/bĭwɐp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		/bʱi̯wɐp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		fá
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		faat6
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b](r)[o]p/
    (Zhengzhang): /*bob/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character乏
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		fá
Middle
Chinese		‹ bjop ›
Old
Chinese		/*[b](r)[o]p/
Englishlack (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character乏
Reading #1/1
No.2852
Phonetic
component		乏
Rime
group		盍
Rime
subdivision		3
Corresponding
MC rime		乏
Old
Chinese		/*bob/

Definitions

乏

  1. to lack
    缺乏  ―  quēfá  ―  to lack; to be short of
  2. poor
    貧乏／贫乏  ―  pínfá  ―  poor
  3. tired
    疲乏  ―  pífá  ―  tired

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 累 (“tired”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)疲倦, 疲乏, 疲累, 疲憊, 疲勞
MandarinBeijing累, 乏
Taiwan累
Jinan累, 乏
Wanrong乏
Xi'an乏, 累
Ürümqi乏
Wuhan累
Chengdu累
Yangzhou累, 痿
Hefei累
Malaysia累
Singapore累
CantoneseGuangzhou攰
Hong Kong攰
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)攰
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)攰
Hong Kong (Ting Kok)攰
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)攰
Macau攰
Guangzhou (Panyu)攰
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)攰
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)攰
Foshan攰
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)夠
Foshan (Shunde)攰
Foshan (Sanshui)夠攰
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)夠攰
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)夠, 攰
Zhuhai (Doumen)夠, 攰
Jiangmen (Baisha)夠
Jiangmen (Xinhui)夠
Taishan夠, 攰
Kaiping (Chikan)夠, 攰
Enping (Niujiang)夠, 攰
Heshan (Yayao)夠算
Dongguan攰
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)攰
Qingyuan攰
Fogang攰
Yingde (Hanguang)攰
Yangshan攰
Lianshan (Butian)累
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)攰
Shaoguan攰
Shaoguan (Qujiang)攰
Renhua攰
Lechang攰
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)攰
Sihui攰
Guangning攰
Deqing攰
Huaiji攰
Fengkai (Nanfeng)攰
Yunfu攰
Luoding攰
Yunan (Pingtai)攰
Yangjiang攰
Xinyi攰
Lianjiang攰
Nanning攰
Wuzhou攰
Yulin攰, 累
Hepu (Lianzhou)攰
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)攰
Singapore (Guangfu)攰
GanNanchang累
HakkaMeixian𤸁
Xingning𤸁
Huidong (Daling)𤸁
Dongguan (Qingxi)𤸁
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)𤸁
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)𤸁
Heyuan (Bendihua)𤸁
Wengyuan𤸁
Shaoguan (Qujiang)𤸁
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)𤸁
Liannan𤸁
Jiexi渴
Luhe悿 Hetian, 渴 Xintian
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)悿
Changting累
Wuping𤸁
Wuping (Yanqian)𤸁
Wuping (Pingyu)𤸁
Liancheng𤸁
Ninghua累
Ningdu累
Ruijin𤸁
Shangyou (Shexi)𤸁
Tonggu (Sandu)累
Miaoli (N. Sixian)𤸁, 悿
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)𤸁, 悿
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)悿
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)悿, 𤸁
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)悿
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)悿
Hong Kong𤸁
Xinyi (Sihe)𤸁
Xinyi (Qianpai)𤸁
Gaozhou (Xindong)𤸁
Lianjiang (Shijiao)𤸁
Lianjiang (Qingping)𤸁
Mengshan (Xihe)𤸁
Luchuan𤸁
Senai (Huiyang)𤸁
Kuching (Hepo)𤺪
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)渴
Singkawang渴
HuizhouJixi吃力
JinTaiyuan乏, 累
Xinzhou累
Min BeiJian'ou累, 軟
Min DongFuzhou弱
Min NanXiamen𤺪, 厭
Quanzhou𤺪, 厭
Zhangzhou𤺪, 厭
Zhao'an厭, 悿
Taipei悿
Taipei (Wanhua)悿, 𤺪
New Taipei (Tamsui)悿, 𤺪
New Taipei (Sanxia)悿
New Taipei (Pingxi)悿, 𤺪
Kaohsiung悿
Kaohsiung (Cijin)悿, 𤺪
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)悿
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)悿, 𤺪
Kaohsiung (Tianliao)悿
Yilan悿, 懶
Yilan (Toucheng)悿, 𤺪
Changhua (Lukang)悿
Taichung𤺪
Taichung (Wuqi)悿
Tainan悿, 𤺪
Tainan (Anping)悿, 𤺪
Taitung悿
Hsinchu悿, 𤺪
Kinmen悿
Penghu (Magong)悿, 𤺪
Penghu (Xiyu)悿, 𤺪
Penang (Hokkien)𤺪
Singapore (Hokkien)𤺪
Manila (Hokkien)𤺪
Chaozhou乏, 累
Shantou乏, 𤺪
Shantou (Chenghai)乏
Jieyang乏
Haifeng悿
Bangkok (Teochew)乏
Johor Bahru (Teochew)乏
Singapore (Teochew)𤺪, 累
Leizhou乏
Wenchang乏
Haikou乏
Southern PinghuaNanning (Tingzi)瞓
WuShanghai吃力, 衰瘏
Suzhou吃力
Hangzhou (Yuhang)吃力
Ningbo着力, 吃力 rare
Wenzhou㾯, 吃力
XiangChangsha傫
Shuangfeng鶴累

Compounds

  • 不乏 (bùfá)
  • 不乏其人 (bùfáqírén)
  • 乏人
  • 乏倦
  • 乏味 (fáwèi)
  • 乏困 (fákùn)
  • 乏地
  • 乏手
  • 乏月
  • 乏桶
  • 乏煤
  • 乏用
  • 乏趣
  • 倦乏
  • 力乏兵衰
  • 力困筋乏
  • 困乏 (kùnfá)
  • 害乏
  • 家道消乏
  • 承乏
  • 春困秋乏
  • 欲振乏力
  • 歇乏
  • 消乏
  • 疲乏 (pífá)
  • 空乏 (kōngfá)
  • 缺乏 (quēfá)
  • 道乏
  • 不虞匱乏／不虞匮乏
  • 中饋乏人／中馈乏人
  • 乏人問津／乏人问津 (fárénwènjīn)
  • 乏善可陳／乏善可陈 (fáshànkěchén)
  • 乏樣子／乏样子
  • 乏角兒／乏角儿
  • 乏貨／乏货
  • 乏頓／乏顿
  • 人困馬乏／人困马乏 (rénkùn-mǎfá)
  • 分身乏術／分身乏术
  • 勞乏／劳乏
  • 匱乏／匮乏 (kuìfá)
  • 周急繼乏／周急继乏
  • 回天乏術／回天乏术
  • 回生乏術／回生乏术
  • 彈性疲乏／弹性疲乏
  • 後繼乏人／后继乏人
  • 後繼乏力／后继乏力
  • 振貧濟乏／振贫济乏
  • 疲乏強度／疲乏强度
  • 窮乏／穷乏 (qióngfá)
  • 絕乏／绝乏 (juéfá)
  • 謝乏／谢乏
  • 貧乏／贫乏 (pínfá)
  • 賑窮濟乏／赈穷济乏
  • 返魂乏術／返魂乏术 (fǎnhúnfáshù)
  • 銷乏／销乏
  • 闕乏／阙乏 (quēfá)
  • 養乏／养乏

References

  • Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00032
  • “乏”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

乏

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. poverty
  2. lack
  3. scarcity

Readings

  • Go-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)←ぼふ (bofu, historical)
  • Kan-on: ほう (hō)←はふ (fafu, historical)
  • Kan’yō-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)←ばふ (bafu, historical)
  • Kun: とぼしい (toboshii, 乏しい, Jōyō); ともしい (tomoshii, 乏しい)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 欠(けつ)乏(ぼう) (ketsubō, “lack, scarcity”)
  • 貧(びん)乏(ぼう) (binbō, “poor, poverty”)
  • 意(い)志(し)欠(けつ)乏(ぼう) (ishiketsubō, “abulia”)
  • 器(き)用(よう)貧(びん)乏(ぼう) (kiyōbinbō, “jack of all trades”)
  • 貧乏(まづしき) (mazushiki, “poverty”)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 乏 (MC bɨɐp̚).

Hanja

乏 (eumhun 모자랄 핍 (mojaral pip))

  1. Hanja form? of 핍 (“lack”).

Compounds

  • 결핍 (缺乏, gyeolpip, “lack”)
  • 곤핍 (困乏, gonpip, “being fatigued”)
  • 궁핍 (窮乏, gungpip, “poverty, privation”)
  • 빈핍 (貧乏, binpip, “poverty”)
  • 절핍 (絶乏, jeolpip, “exhaustion”)
  • 핍혈 (乏血, piphyeol, “hyphema”)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
  • Naver Hanja Dictionary: 乏

Vietnamese

Han character

乏: Hán Nôm readings: phạp, phạc

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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