乎
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Translingual
Han character
乎 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹火木 (HFD), four-corner 20409, composition ⿻𠂌丷)
Derived characters
- 𠇼, 呼, 垀, 𡛚, 𫼞, 泘, 𤝘, 㭔, 𣧯, 烀, 𬏃, 䉿, 𮎇, 𫊯, 𧦝(𫍞), 軤(轷), 䤣, 𫗶, 𩶈, 䴣, 𪏹, 𪕉
- 𮓦, 𫚶, 𬼔, 乯, 𬼡, 𤇠, 𠓧, 苸, 𥬏, 雽, 𢨽, 𤵡, 虖
Descendants
- ヲ
References
- KangXi: page 82, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 131
- Dae Jaweon: page 166, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 36, character 8
- Unihan data for U+4E4E
Chinese
| simp. and trad. | 乎 | |
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| alternative forms | 𠂞 𠂠 齁 Hokkien question particle | |
Glyph origin
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References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 罅 | *qʰraːs |
| 呼 | *qʰaː |
| 軤 | *qʰaː |
| 苸 | *qʰaː |
| 嘑 | *qʰaː |
| 歑 | *qʰaː |
| 謼 | *qʰaː, *qʰaːs |
| 滹 | *qʰaː |
| 乎 | *ɢaː |
| 虖 | *qʰaː, *qʰʷa, *qʰaː, *qʰʷa |
| 嫭 | *ɢaːs |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢaː) : semantic [Term?] (“wind; air”) + phonetic 丂 (OC *kʰluːʔ, “branch”) – original form of 呼 (OC *qʰaː, “to call; to cry”). Compare 兮 (OC *ɢeː).
Etymology 1
- in; at; on
- Attrited or unstressed form of 於 (OC *qa) (Schuessler, 2007).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
Definitions
乎
- in; at; on
- Synonym: 於／于 (yú)
- 故沛然德教溢乎四海。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Gù pèirán déjiào yì hū sìhǎi. [Pinyin]
- When this is the case, such an one's virtue and teachings will spread over all within the four seas like the rush of water.
- 今子有五石之瓠，何不慮以為大樽而浮乎江湖，而憂其瓠落無所容？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Jīn zǐ yǒu wǔ dàn zhī hù, hé bù lǜ yǐwèi dà zūn ér fú hū jiānghú, ér yōu qí hùluò wú suǒ róng? [Pinyin]
- Sir, had calabashes large enough to hold five piculs; why did you not think of making large bottle-gourds of them, by means of which you could have floated over rivers and lakes, instead of giving yourself the sorrow of finding that they were useless for holding anything.
今子有五石之瓠，何不虑以为大樽而浮乎江湖，而忧其瓠落无所容？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (indicates the object of an action) with; on
- Synonym: 於／于 (yú)
- 菲飲食，而致孝乎鬼神。 [MSC, trad.]
- Fěi yǐnshí, ér zhì xiào hū guǐshén. [Pinyin]
- He used himself coarse food and drink, but displayed the utmost filial piety towards the spirits.
菲饮食，而致孝乎鬼神。 [MSC, simp.]- 齧缺問乎王倪。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Niè Quē wèn hū Wáng Ní. [Pinyin]
- Nie Que asked Wang Ni.
啮缺问乎王倪。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (indicates comparison) than
- Synonym: 於／于 (yú)
- 福輕乎羽，莫之知載；禍重乎地，莫之知避。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Fú qīng hū yǔ, mò zhī zhī zǎi; huò zhòng hū dì, mò zhī zhī bì. [Pinyin]
- Happiness is lighter than a feather, but no one knows how to support it; calamity is heavier than the earth, and yet no one knows how to avoid it.
福轻乎羽，莫之知载；祸重乎地，莫之知避。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † A suffix placed after adjectives and adverbs to express praise or amazement.
- † Sentence-final interrogative particle.
- 有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yǒu péng zì yuǎnfāng lái, bù yì lè hū? [Pinyin]
- Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?
有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † Sentence-final exclamatory particle.
- † Sentence-final imperative particle.
- † Sentence-final speculative particle.
Compounds
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Pronunciation
Definitions
乎
- Alternative form of 予 (hō͘).
- 嫁乎你是阮今生的願望。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
- From: 2015, 曹雅雯 and 許富凱, 今生的願望
- Kè hō͘ lí sī gún kim-seng ê goān-bāng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
- Getting married to you is my wish in this life.
嫁乎你是阮今生的愿望。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]- 看你為伊咧傷心，乎我心內像針揻。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
- From: 2017, 蔡佳麟, 心‧離開
- Khòaⁿ lí ūi i teh siong-sim, hō͘ góa sim-lāi chhiūⁿ chiam ui. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
- Seeing you grieve over him makes my heart feel like it is poked with a needle.
看你为伊咧伤心，乎我心内像针揻。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
Japanese
Kanji
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
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Readings
- Go-on: ご (go); お (o)←を (wo, historical)
- Kan-on: こ (ko)
- Kun: よ (yo, 乎); かな (kana, 乎); ああ (ā, 乎); や (ya, 乎); か (ka, 乎); を (o, 乎)
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 乎 |
| か Jinmeiyō |
| kun’yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 乎 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 乎, is an alternative (literary, obsolete) spelling of the above term.) |
Korean
Hanja
乎 (eumhun 어조사 호 (eojosa ho))
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References
- Naver Hanja Dictionary: 乎
Old Korean
Etymology 1
From the Middle Chinese reading 乎 (MC ɦuo).
Phonogram
乎 (*-wo or *-hwo)
- A syllabic phonogram denoting either final syllable *-wo or *-hwo
Suffix
乎 (*-wo)
- A very common verbal suffix, sometimes called the "modulator" in English, whose meaning is disputed. See the Middle Korean entry 오 (-wo) for more.
Descendants
- Middle Korean: 오 (-wo, yang-vowel modulator suffix)
Suffix
乎 (*-wo)
- An adverb-deriving suffix.
Descendants
- Middle Korean: 오 (-wo, yang-vowel adverb-deriving suffix)
Verb
乎 (*h(oy)-wo)
- Form with modulator suffix of 爲 (*ho(y)-, “to do”)
References
- 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop), 이전경 (Yi Jeon-gyeong), 하귀녀 (Ha Gwi-nyeo), 이용 (Yi Yong), 박진호 (Park Jin-ho), 김성주 (Kim Seong-ju), 장경준 (Jang Gyeong-jun), 서민욱 (Seo Min-uk), 이지영 (Yi Ji-yeong), 서형국 (Seo Hyeong-guk). (2009) 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典 [Dictionary of interpretive gugyeol], Bakmunsa, →ISBN, pages 393—396
Vietnamese
Han character
乎: Hán Nôm readings: hồ
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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