乂
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Translingual
Han character
乂 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 大 (K) or X大 (XK), four-corner 40000, composition ⿻丿㇏)
Derived characters
- 爻, 艾, 㲼, 刈, 䢃
References
- KangXi: page 81, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 111
- Dae Jaweon: page 165, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 31, character 3
- Unihan data for U+4E42
Chinese
simp. and trad. | 乂 |
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Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 乂 | |||||||
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Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||||
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | |||||
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References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Old Chinese | |
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艾 | *ŋaːds, *ŋads |
鴱 | *ŋaːds, *ŋads |
餀 | *hŋaːds |
刈 | *ŋads |
乂 | *ŋads |
Pictogram (象形)
Etymology
Sense "regulate, govern, orderly" is derived from "to mow, cur, reap"; this sense's origin is ambiguous, possibly from "to cut" > "to trim", etc. (Schuessler, 2007). If so, see 刈 (yì) for etymology.
Alternatively, from 禦/御 (yù) (ibid.)
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
乂
- Original form of 刈 (yì, “to weed; to mow”).
- to govern; to control; to manage; to regulate
- 時則物有間之,自一話一言,我則末,維成德之彥,以乂我受民。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Wang Chong, Lun Heng (Discussive Weighing), 80 CE
- Shí zé wù yǒu jiān zhī, zì yīhuàyīyán, wǒ zé mò, wéi chéngdé zhī yàn, yǐ yì wǒ shòu mín. [Pinyin]
- Sometimes things will interfere. Then stick to your words and your speech, and let us be thinking of officers of complete virtues, and to regulate the people whom we have received.
时则物有间之,自一话一言,我则末,维成德之彦,以乂我受民。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to nurture
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2
Definitions
乂
- to discipline; to punish
Japanese
Kanji
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
- Go-on: げ (ge)
- Kan-on: がい (gai)
- Kun: かる (karu, 乂る); おさめる (osameru, 乂める)←をさめる (wosameru, historical); おさまる (osamaru, 乂まる)←をさまる (wosamaru, historical); やしなう (yashinau, 乂う)←やしなふ (yasinafu, historical); さびしい (sabishii, 乂しい); こらす (korasu, 乂らす)
Korean
Hanja
乂 (eumhun 벨 예 (bel ye))
乂 (eumhun 다스릴 예 (daseuril ye))
- (obsolete) Hanja form? of 예 (“to weed; to mow”).
- (obsolete) Alternative form of 刈 (刈, “Hanja form? of 예 (“to weed; to mow”).”)
- (obsolete) Hanja form? of 예 (“to govern; to control; to manage”).
- (obsolete) Alternative form of 艾 (艾, “Hanja form? of 예 (“to govern; to control; to manage”).”)
Hanja
乂 (eumhun 징계할 애 (jinggyehal ae))
- (obsolete) Hanja form? of 애 (“to discipline; to punish”).
References
- Naver Hanja Dictionary: 乂
Vietnamese
Han character
乂: Hán Nôm readings: nghệ, ngải
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References
- Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)