並

See also: 并, 幷, and 竝

並	U+4E26, 並 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E26

← 严
[U+4E25]

CJK Unified Ideographs

丧 →
[U+4E27]

並	U+FA70, 並 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA70

[unassigned: U+FA6E–U+FA6F]

← 舘
[U+FA6D]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

况 →
[U+FA71]

Translingual

Alternative forms

A graphical variant exists for this character, with the dots on either side of the bottom component 亚 written as right angles (𠃊 and 𠃎) instead of the usual dots (丶 and ㇒).
- In the historical Kangxi dictionary, derived characters of 並 such as 掽 and 湴 are written using this form but not the character 並 itself.
- This variant is also the 舊字形／旧字形 (jiùzìxíng) form of 並 used in printed publications before 1965 in mainland China.
- A CJK compatibility ideograph exists at U+FA70 for this variant that is used in North Korean computing.

Han character

並 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+7, 8 strokes, cangjie input 廿廿金 (TTC), four-corner 8010₂, composition ⿱䒑业 or ⿱丷亚(U+4E26) or ⿳䒑⿲𠃊⿰丨丨𠃎一(U+FA70))

Derived characters

普, 碰, 椪, 掽, 湴, 潂, 諩, 踫, 䗒, 𠊧, 𠵔, 𡌶, 𢛰, 𦝤, 𪻁, 𡴢, 𠁔, 𠁜, 𠁝, 𡖼, 𫡀, 𤯭, 𣮧, 𣤞, 𪢭, 𤣋, 𤽽, 𧡟, 𨂝, 𨂞, 𦫄, 𨏨, 𨟘, 𩤀, 𩹁, 𠁟, 𫡂, 𫡁, 䰃

Chinese

trad.		並
simp.		并^*
alternative forms		傡竝𡘋𠀤

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 並

Shang

Western Zhou

Warring States

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Bronze inscriptions

Oracle bone script

Bronze inscriptions

Chu slip and silk script

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Bronze inscriptions**
b15309	b15310	b15311	b15312

**Small seal script**
s07575

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L35159	L35160	L35161	L35162	L35163	L35164

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (並) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
湴	*breːms
跰	preŋs, beːn
並	*beːŋʔ
竝	*beːŋʔ

From the clerical script (隸書) of 竝 (OC *beːŋʔ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bìng (bing⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bing⁶, bing³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pin
Min Dong (BUC): bêng / piâng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): pēng / pěng / phēng
(Teochew, Peng'im): bong⁶ / bêng⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): bin (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bìng
  - Wade–Giles: ping⁴
  - Yale: bìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: binq
  - Palladius: бин (bin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /piŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: bing⁶, bing³
  - Yale: bihng, bing
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bing⁶, bing³
  - Guangdong Romanization: bing⁶, bing³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɪŋ²²/, /pɪŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pin
  - Hakka Romanization System: bin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pin⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bêng / piâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛiŋ²⁴²/, /pʰiɑŋ²⁴²/

Note:

bêng - literary;
piâng - vernacular.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pēng
  - Tâi-lô: pīng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: peng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /piɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /piɪŋ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /piɪŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pěng
  - Tâi-lô: pǐng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /piɪŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phēng
  - Tâi-lô: phīng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pheng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰiɪŋ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰiɪŋ³³/

Note:

“than; to compete; the most”:
- pēng (Xiamen, Zhangzhou);
- pěng (Quanzhou);
- phēng (Zhangzhou, Taiwan.
other senses:
- pēng.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bong⁶ / bêng⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pŏng / pĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /poŋ³⁵/, /peŋ³⁵/

Note:

bong6 - vernacular;
bêng6 - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: bin (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /b̥ɪɲ²³/

Middle Chinese: /beŋ^X/

Rime
Character	並
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	蒲迥切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/beŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/beŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/bɛŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bɛjŋ^X/
Li Rong	/beŋ^X/
Wang Li	/bieŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱieŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bing⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤeŋʔ/
(Zhengzhang): /*beːŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	並
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bìng
Middle Chinese	‹ beng^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˁeŋʔ/
English	side by side, together
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	並
Reading #	1/1
No.	964
Phonetic component	並
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	竝
Old Chinese	/*beːŋʔ/
Notes	同竝，隸變爲並

Definitions

並

to be side by side; to be in a row
並存／并存 ― bìngcún ― to coexist
simultaneously; at the same time
Used before a negative for emphasis; actually; in fact
並非／并非 ― bìngfēi ― in fact is not
我並沒有跟他說。／我并没有跟他说。 ― Wǒ bìng méiyǒu gēn tā shuō. ― I have not told them anything.
and; moreover; furthermore
並且／并且 ― bìngqiě ― moreover
(Min Nan) than
並你較好／并你较好 [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― phēng lí khah hó [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― better than you
(Zhangzhou Min Nan) to compete; to match one's strength with
(Taiwanese Hokkien) the most
這個囡仔並愛哭的。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
这个囡仔并爱哭的。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
Chit-ê gín-á phēng ài khàu--ê. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
This kid likes to cry the most.
(～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 並 (MC beŋ^X)

Compounds

Derived terms from 並

並不是／并不是
並且／并且 (bìngqiě)
並世／并世 (bìngshì)
並世無雙／并世无双
並作／并作
並出／并出
並列／并列 (bìngliè)
並坐／并坐
並垂不朽／并垂不朽
並壽／并寿
並存／并存 (bìngcún)
並存不悖／并存不悖
並排／并排 (bìngpái)
並時／并时
並木／并木
並未／并未 (bìngwèi)
並概青雲／并概青云
並無不當／并无不当
並無此事／并无此事
並然／并然
並用／并用 (bìngyòng)
並禽／并禽
並稱／并称 (bìngchēng)
並立／并立 (bìnglì)
並聯／并联 (bìnglián)
並肩／并肩 (bìngjiān)
並肩作戰／并肩作战 (bìngjiānzuòzhàn)
並肩前進／并肩前进
並肩而行／并肩而行
並興／并兴 (bìngxīng)

並舉／并举 (bìngjǔ)
並蒂／并蒂
並蒂蓮／并蒂莲 (bìngdìlián)
並行／并行 (bìngxíng)
並行不悖／并行不悖 (bìngxíngbùbèi)
並起／并起 (bìngqǐ)
並跡／并迹
並軌／并轨 (bìngguǐ)
並輳／并辏
並轂／并毂
並轡／并辔
並進／并进 (bìngjìn)
並鄰／并邻
並重／并重 (bìngzhòng)
並非／并非 (bìngfēi)
並頭／并头
並頭之花／并头之花
並頭蓮／并头莲
並馬／并马 (bìngmǎ)
並馳／并驰
並駕／并驾
並駕齊驅／并驾齐驱 (bìngjiàqíqū)
並騖／并骛
並驅／并驱
五行並下／五行并下
俱收並蓄／俱收并蓄
公聽並觀／公听并观
兼容並蓄／兼容并蓄
兼收並蓄／兼收并蓄 (jiānshōubìngxù)
兼籌並顧／兼筹并顾

剛柔並濟／刚柔并济
勢不並立／势不并立
勢力並行／势力并行
南山並壽／南山并寿
圖文並茂／图文并茂 (túwénbìngmào)
年德並高／年德并高
恩威並濟／恩威并济
恩威並用／恩威并用
恩威並著／恩威并著
恩威並行／恩威并行
恩威並重／恩威并重
情文並茂／情文并茂
感愧並交／感愧并交
文情並茂／文情并茂
明並日月／明并日月
椿萱並茂／椿萱并茂
比並／比并
水陸並進／水陆并进
相提並論／相提并论 (xiāngtíbìnglùn)
聲情並茂／声情并茂 (shēngqíngbìngmào)
蓮開並蒂／莲开并蒂
蜂午並起／蜂午并起
連鑣並軫／连镳并轸
齊名並價／齐名并价
齊足並馳／齐足并驰
齊足並驅／齐足并驱
齊頭並進／齐头并进 (qítóubìngjìn)
齊驅並駕／齐驱并驾
齊驅並驟／齐驱并骤
龍虎並伏／龙虎并伏

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bàng (bang⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄅㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bong⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bàng
  - Wade–Giles: pang⁴
  - Yale: bàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: banq
  - Palladius: бан (ban)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: bong⁶
  - Yale: bohng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bong⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: bong⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔːŋ²²/

Definitions

並

^† Alternative form of 傍 (bàng, “to be near; approaching”).

Japanese

Shinjitai	並
Kyūjitai	竝

Kanji

並

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 竝)

Readings

Go-on: びょう (byō)^{←びやう (byau, historical)}
Kan-on: へい (hei, Jōyō)
Kun: なみ (nami, 並, Jōyō); ならべる (naraberu, 並べる, Jōyō); ならぶ (narabu, 並ぶ, Jōyō); ならびに (narabini, 並びに, Jōyō)

As a variant of 徬/傍:[1]

Go-on: ぼう (bō)^{←ばう (bau, historical)}
Kan-on: ほう (hō)^{←はう (fau, historical)}
Kun: よる (yoru, 並る); そう (sou, 並う)^{←そふ (sofu, historical)}; つらなる (tsuranaru, 並なる)

As a variant of 伴, and as in 同竝:[1]

Go-on: ばん (ban)
Kan-on: はん (han)
Kun: ともなう (tomonau, 並う)^{←ともなふ (tomonafu, historical)}

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) なみ [nàmí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
IPA^(key): [na̠mʲi]

Noun

並(なみ) • (nami)

something medium, average, common, ordinary
a row or line of things

Compounds

並(へい)列(れつ) (heiretsu)
並(へい)置(ち) (heichi)
並(な)木(みき) (namiki)
人(ひと)並(なみ) (hitonami)

Suffix

並(なみ) • (-nami)

average, medium

References

諸橋轍次 (Morohashi Tetsuji), et al. 広漢和辞典 (Kō Kan-Wa Jiten, “Extensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary”). 3 vols. plus an index. 1981–1982. Tokyo: Taishukan.
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

並 (eumhun 나란히 병 (naranhi byeong))

Hanja form^? of 병 (“side by side, together, in order”).

並 (eumhun 아우를 병 (aureul byeong))

Hanja form^? of 병 (“combine, annex”).

並 (eumhun 곁 방 (gyeot bang))

Hanja form^? of 방 (“side, vicinity”).

並 (eumhun 땅 이름 반 (ttang ireum ban))

Hanja form^? of 반 (“used in place names”).

References

Naver Hanja Dictionary: 並

Vietnamese

Han character

並: Hán Nôm readings: tịnh

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

[koukanwa-1] 諸橋轍次 (Morohashi Tetsuji), et al. 広漢和辞典 (Kō Kan-Wa Jiten, “Extensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary”). 3 vols. plus an index. 1981–1982. Tokyo: Taishukan.

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

並

Translingual

Alternative forms

Han character

Derived characters

Further reading

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Pronunciation

See also

Noun

Compounds

Suffix

References

Korean

Hanja

References

Vietnamese

Han character

References