下流

下流

Chinese

		under; next; lower under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter	to flow; to spread; to circulate to flow; to spread; to circulate; to move
simp. and trad. (下流)		下	流
anagram		流下

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiàliú

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haa⁶ lau⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ha-liù
• Min Nan (POJ): hā-liû / hǎ-liû / hēe-liû

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: xiàliú
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiahliou
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: haa⁶ lau⁴
    • Yale: hah làuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haa⁶ lau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ha⁶ leo⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /häː²² lɐu̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ha-liù
    • Hakka Romanization System: ha liuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ha⁴ liu²
    • IPA: /ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hā-liû
    • Tâi-lô: hā-liû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haxliuu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǎ-liû
    • Tâi-lô: hǎ-liû
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ha²² liu²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hēe-liû
    • Tâi-lô: hēe-liû
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/

Adjective

下流

1. indecent; lewd; vulgar; obscene; dirty

   下流的笑話 / 下流的笑话  ―  xiàliú de xiàohuà  ―  a dirty joke

2. inferior; low-class

Noun

下流

1. lower reaches of a river
2. (historical) plebeian; inferior rank

Derived terms

下流社會／下流社会

甘處下流／甘处下流

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (下流):

• → Japanese: 下 (か)流 (りゅう) (karyū)
• → Korean: 하류 (下流, haryu)
• → Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
下	流
か Grade: 1	りゅう Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
  • IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾʲɨᵝː]

Noun

下流 (hiragana かりゅう, rōmaji karyū)

1. downstream
2. lower classes

Antonyms

• 上 (じょう)流 (りゅう) (jōryū)

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this word
下	流

Noun

下流

1. Hán tự form of hạ lưu (“lower reaches; lower social classes”).