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单词 下手
释义

下手

Chinese

Pronunciation 1

 
under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter
hand; convenient; ‑er
simp. and trad.
(下手)
variant forms下首 “player”
anagram手下
  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiàshǒu
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄕㄡˇ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): haa6 sau2
  • Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ha-sú
  • Min Nan (POJ): ē-chhiú / hā-chhiú

  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Pinyin: xiàshǒu
      • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄕㄡˇ
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiahshoou
      • IPA (key): /ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
    • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)+
      • Pinyin: xiàshǒur
      • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄕㄡˇㄦ
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiahshooul
      • IPA (key): /ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʂɤʊɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Note:
  • xiàshǒur - “player; assistant”.
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: haa6 sau2
      • Yale: hah sáu
      • Cantonese Pinyin: haa6 sau2
      • Guangdong Romanization: ha6 seo2
      • IPA (key): /häː²² sɐu̯³⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ha-sú
      • Hakka Romanization System: ha su`
      • Hagfa Pinyim: ha4 su3
      • IPA: /ha⁵⁵ su³¹/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ē-chhiú
      • Tâi-lô: ē-tshiú
      • Phofsit Daibuun: exchiuo
      • IPA (Taipei): /e³³⁻¹¹ t͡ɕʰiu⁵³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /e³³⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiu⁴¹/
      • IPA (Xiamen): /e²²⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiu⁵³/
    • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hā-chhiú
      • Tâi-lô: hā-tshiú
      • Phofsit Daibuun: haxchiuo
      • IPA (Taipei): /ha³³⁻¹¹ t͡ɕʰiu⁵³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ha³³⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiu⁴¹/

Noun

下手

  1. player whose turn comes next
  2. (colloquial) assistant; aide
    我需要有人在我旁邊幫我打下手 [MSC, trad.]
    我需要有人在我旁边帮我打下手 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ xūyào yǒu rén zài wǒ pángbiān bāng wǒ dǎxiàshǒu. [Pinyin]
    I need someone by my side to help me.
  3. Alternative form of 下首 (xiàshǒu, “side of lower priority or less honour”).
Synonyms
  • (player): 下家 (xiàjiā)
Derived terms
  • 打下手 (dǎxiàshǒu)

Pronunciation 2

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiàshǒu
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄕㄡˇ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): haa6 sau2
  • Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ha-sú
  • Min Nan (POJ): hē-chhiú / hě-chhiú / hēe-chhiú

  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Pinyin: xiàshǒu
      • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄕㄡˇ
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiahshoou
      • IPA (key): /ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: haa6 sau2
      • Yale: hah sáu
      • Cantonese Pinyin: haa6 sau2
      • Guangdong Romanization: ha6 seo2
      • IPA (key): /häː²² sɐu̯³⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ha-sú
      • Hakka Romanization System: ha su`
      • Hagfa Pinyim: ha4 su3
      • IPA: /ha⁵⁵ su³¹/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hē-chhiú
      • Tâi-lô: hē-tshiú
      • Phofsit Daibuun: hexchiuo
      • IPA (Taipei): /he³³⁻¹¹ t͡ɕʰiu⁵³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /he³³⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiu⁴¹/
      • IPA (Xiamen): /he²²⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiu⁵³/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hě-chhiú
      • Tâi-lô: hě-tshiú
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /he²² t͡ɕʰiu⁵⁵⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hēe-chhiú
      • Tâi-lô: hēe-tshiú
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɛ²²⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiu⁵³/

Verb

下手

  1. to start doing something; to take action; to go about something
    我不知道如何下手 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Wǒ bù zhīdào rúhé xiàshǒu. [Pinyin]
    I don't know how to go about it.
  2. to commit a crime
Synonyms
  • (Cantonese) 落手
Derived terms
  • 先下手為強先下手为强

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term

Grade: 1

Grade: 1
Irregularkun’yomi

Probably a semantic shift from (heta, edge of something), referring metaphorically to the edge of one's abilities or knowledge.[1]

The kanji spelling appears to be an instance of jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
    • (Tokyo) [hètáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2][3][4]
    • IPA(key): [he̞ta̠]

Adjective

下手 (-na inflection, hiragana へた, rōmaji heta)

  1. unskilled, bad at, poor at, weak at, incompetent
  2. superficial, halfhearted, half-assed, careless
  3. smaller or lesser in degree
Inflection

Noun

下手 (hiragana へた, rōmaji heta)

  1. a mistake, a poor result, a screwup
     (だい) () (ところ) () ()をやったな。
    Daiji na tokoro de heta o yatta na.
    Well, you really made a mistake right when it was important.

Verb

下手する (hiragana へたする, rōmaji heta suru)

  1. to make a mistake, to screw up
Conjugation

Antonyms

  •  (じょう) () (jōzu)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
した
Grade: 1

Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Compound of (shita, down; under; lower) + (te, hand).[1][2][5]

Occasionally encountered with rendaku (連濁), where the -te ending changes to -de.

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) たて [shìtáté] (Heiban – [0])[2][3][4]
    • IPA(key): [ɕi̥ta̠te̞]
  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) たで [shìtádé] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
    • IPA(key): [ɕi̥ta̠de̞]

Adjective

下手 (-na inflection, hiragana したで, rōmaji shitade)

  1. humble
Usage notes

The shitade reading is more common for the adjective sense.

Inflection

Noun

下手 (hiragana したて, rōmaji shitate)

  1. the lower part, especially downstream or downwind
    Synonym: 下手 (shimote) (see below)
    Antonym: 上手 (uwate)
  2. someone at a disadvantage or lower relative to another person, in terms of rank or ability
    Antonym: 上手 (uwate)
  3. (sumo) an underhand or lower hand hold, in which the wrestler's hand or arm is underneath or on the inside of the opponent's hand or arm
    Antonym: 上手 (uwate)
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
しも
Grade: 1

Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Compound of (shimo, lower) + (te, hand).[1][2][5]

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) もて [shìmóté] (Heiban – [0])[2][3][4]
    • (Tokyo) もて [shìmótéꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2][3][4]
    • IPA(key): [ɕimo̞te̞]

Noun

下手 (hiragana しもて, rōmaji shimote)

  1. downstream; the lower portion of a slope
    Antonym: 上手 (kamite)
  2. (theater) downstage, specifically the left side of the stage as viewed from the audience
    Antonym: 上手 (kamite)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
くだ(り)
Grade: 1

Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Compound of 下り (kudari, descending, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 下る (kudaru, to descend, to go down)) + (te, hand; side, direction).[1]

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝda̠ɾʲite̞]

Noun

下手 (hiragana くだりて, rōmaji kudarite)

  1. (uncommon) cheap, low-quality goods
    Synonym: 安物 (yasumono)

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
しゅ
Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 下手 (MC ɦˠaX|ɦˠaH ɕɨuX).

Pronunciation

  • On’yomi: Goon
    • IPA(key): [ɡe̞ɕɨᵝ]

Noun

下手 (hiragana げしゅ, rōmaji geshu)

  1. (uncommon) someone of low status or rank

Verb

下手する (hiragana げしゅする, rōmaji geshu suru)

  1. (uncommon) to lower one's hand onto something, to set one's hand onto something
Conjugation

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  4. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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