下一段活用

下一段活用

Japanese

Kanji in this term
下	一	段	活	用
しも Grade: 1	いち Grade: 1	だん Grade: 6	かつ Grade: 2	よう Grade: 2
kun’yomi	goon		kan’on

Etymology

Compound of 下 (shimo, “lower”) +‎ 一段活用 (ichidan katsuyō, “monograde conjugation”).

Literally, 下一段 (shimo ichidan) refers to how the inflected endings are located in the gojūon table. 下 (shimo) means the vowel e, which is written beneath the vowel i, the other inflection-related vowel. 一段 (ichidan, “one grade”) means only one vowel is involved, since each 段 (dan, “row”) of the table contains one vowel. Thus, this can be understood as "one-voweled conjugation in e".

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しもいちだんか​つよー [shìmó íchídáń káꜜtsùyòò] (Nakadaka – [7])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ɕimo̞ it͡ɕidã̠ŋ ka̠t͡sɨᵝjo̞ː]

Noun

下(しも)一(いち)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) • (shimo ichidan katsuyō) ^{←しもいちだんくわつよう (simoitidankwatuyou)?}

1. (grammar) a verbal conjugation class in which the stem ends in -e:

Modern	未然形 Irrealis	連用形 Adverbial	終止形 Conclusive	連体形 Attributive	仮定形 Conditional	命令形 Imperative
受ける (uke-, “to receive”)	受け (uke)	受け (uke)	受ける (ukeru)	受ける (ukeru)	受けれ (ukere)	受けよ (ukeyo) 受けろ (ukero)
出る (de-, “to leave”)	出 (de)	出 (de)	出る (deru)	出る (deru)	出れ (dere)	出よ (deyo) 出ろ (dero)
食べる (tabe-, “to eat”)	食べ (tabe)	食べ (tabe)	食べる (taberu)	食べる (taberu)	食べれ (tabere)	食べよ (tabeyo) 食べろ (tabero)
Archaic	未然形 Irrealis	連用形 Adverbial	終止形 Conclusive	連体形 Attributive	已然形 Realis	命令形 Imperative
蹴る (ke-, “to kick”)	蹴 (ke)	蹴 (ke)	蹴る (keru)	蹴る (keru)	蹴れ (kere)	蹴よ (keyo)

Usage notes

• The only archaic verb of this class, 蹴る (keru, “to kick”), was integrated into the 五段活用 (godan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”) class after around the mid-Edo period.

Related terms

• 下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活用(かつよう) (shimo nidan katsuyō)
• 上(かみ)一段(いちだん)活用(かつよう) (kami ichidan katsuyō)
• 上(かみ)二(に)段(だん)活用(かつよう) (kami nidan katsuyō)
• 五(ご)段(だん)活用(かつよう) (godan katsuyō)
• 四(よ)段(だん)活用(かつよう) (yodan katsuyō)
• カ行(ぎょう)変格(へんかく)活用(かつよう) (ka-gyō henkaku katsuyō)
• サ行(ぎょう)変格(へんかく)活用(かつよう) (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō)
• ナ行(ぎょう)変格(へんかく)活用(かつよう) (na-gyō henkaku katsuyō)
• ラ行(ぎょう)変格(へんかく)活用(かつよう) (ra-gyō henkaku katsuyō)

 

See also

• Category:Japanese type 2 verbs

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN