上げる
Japanese
Etymology
Kanji in this term |
---|
上 |
あ Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Cognate with 揚げる (ageru), 挙げる (ageru).
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) あげる [àgérú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2][3]
- IPA(key): [a̠ɡe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "上げる"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 上げる | あげる | [àgérú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 上げろ | あげろ | [àgéró] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 上げられる | あげられる | [àgérárérú] |
Causative | 上げさせる | あげさせる | [àgésásérú] |
Potential | 上げられる | あげられる | [àgérárérú] |
Volitional | 上げよう | あげよー | [àgéyóꜜò] |
Negative | 上げない | あげない | [àgénáí] |
Negative perfective | 上げなかった | あげなかった | [àgénáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 上げます | あげます | [àgémáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 上げた | あげた | [àgétá] |
Conjunctive | 上げて | あげて | [àgété] |
Hypothetical conditional | 上げれば | あげれば | [àgéréꜜbà] |
- (Kyoto) あげる [ágérú][4]
Verb
上げる • (ageru) transitive ichidan (stem 上げ (age), past 上げた (ageta))
Japanese verb pair | |
---|---|
active | 上げる |
mediopassive | 上がる |
- to raise, to lift
- Antonym: 下げる (sageru)
- 音量を上げる
- onryō o ageru
- to raise the volume
- to give (usually not written with kanji)
- 犬に毎日えさをあげてください。
- Inu ni mainichi esa o agete kudasai.
- Please give the dog food every day.
- 犬に毎日えさをあげてください。
- to utter; to cry; to produce; to raise (a voice)
- 悲鳴を上げる
- himei o ageru
- to shriek; to let out a scream
- 奇声を上げる
- kisei o ageru
- to raise a strange cry
- 声を上げて泣く
- koe o agete naku
- to sob
- 悲鳴を上げる
Usage notes
Wikibooks
Japanese has an extensive vocabulary for giving and receiving. While 上げる is used for giving something to someone of equal or lower social standing, 差し上げる (sashiageru) is used for giving to someone of higher rank and やる (yaru) for giving to a non-human or to someone of low rank. It is fairly common to use 上げる for giving something to a pet, especially in casual speech, but some speakers consider this usage nonstandard or incorrect.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "上げる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 上げ | あげ | age | |
Continuative (連用形) | 上げ | あげ | age | |
Terminal (終止形) | 上げる | あげる | ageru | |
Attributive (連体形) | 上げる | あげる | ageru | |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 上げれ | あげれ | agere | |
Imperative (命令形) | 上げよ¹ 上げろ² | あげよ¹ あげろ² | ageyo¹ agero² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 上げられる | あげられる | agerareru | |
Causative | 上げさせる 上げさす | あげさせる あげさす | agesaseru agesasu | |
Potential | 上げられる 上げれる³ | あげられる あげれる³ | agerareru agereru³ | |
Volitional | 上げよう | あげよう | ageyō | |
Negative | 上げない 上げぬ 上げん | あげない あげぬ あげん | agenai agenu agen | |
Negative continuative | 上げず | あげず | agezu | |
Formal | 上げます | あげます | agemasu | |
Perfective | 上げた | あげた | ageta | |
Conjunctive | 上げて | あげて | agete | |
Hypothetical conditional | 上げれば | あげれば | agereba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
See also
- くれる (kureru): to give (to the speaker, or someone close to the speaker, such as a family member)
- 貰う (morau): to receive
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
- 2002, 京阪系アクセント辞典 (A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.