万

See also: 萬, 方, and ㄪ

万	U+4E07, 万 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E07

← 丆
[U+4E06]

CJK Unified Ideographs

丈 →
[U+4E08]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

万 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一尸 (MS), four-corner 1022₇, composition ⿸丆𠃌)

Derived characters

𬇕, 杤, 𥸯, 迈, 𠒐, 劢, 𪜇, 𫔬, 虿, 趸, 𦥤, 厉, 𡧊, 疠, 𡆭
𭜌, 𭔩, 𬮙, 𮍴, 𭆑, 𬜼

Related characters

萬 (Orthodox traditional form)

Descendants

ㄪ (Zhuyin alphabet)

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 万
Shang	Western Zhou
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions

Unknown. Used as a tribal name in oracle inscriptions. Used as a number since the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods.

Various theories have been proposed for its original meaning:

Qu Wanli, Qiu Xigui and others propose that it originally refers to a type of dancer-musicians. This usage is attested in the oracle inscriptions. This may be supported by ancient literature, e.g. Shijing, which mentions a type of dance called 萬舞／万舞.
Lin Yiguang proposes that it is an ancient form of 丏 (OC *meːnʔ), acting as a phonetic component in 賓 (OC *mpin).
Some propose that it is a differentiated form of 亥.

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 万 – see 萬 (“scorpion; etc.”). (This character, 万, is the simplified and variant form of 萬.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Compounds

万紐于／万纽于 (Wànniǔyú)

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		万
alternative forms		𢄏

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mò (mo⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mak⁶, maak⁶
Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): mog⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mò
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mò
  - Wade–Giles: mo⁴
  - Yale: mwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
  - Palladius: мо (mo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mwɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: mak⁶, maak⁶
  - Yale: mahk, maahk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mak⁹, maak⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: meg⁶, mag⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐk̚²/, /maːk̚²/
Min Nan
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mog⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mo̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mok̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: /mək̚/

Rime
Character	万
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	登 (131)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫北切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/mək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/mək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mək̚/
Li Rong	/mək̚/
Wang Li	/mək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/mək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mak⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*mɯːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	万
Reading #	2/2
No.	12614
Phonetic component	万
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	墨
Old Chinese	/*mɯːɡ/

Definitions

万

Only used in 万俟 (Mòqí).

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00001

Japanese

Shinjitai	万
Kyūjitai	萬

Kanji

万

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 萬)

ten thousand, myriad
various, many, all

Readings

As a simplification and variant of 萬:

Go-on: もん (mon)
Kan-on: ばん (ban, Jōyō)
Kan’yō-on: まん (man, Jōyō)
Kun: よろず (yorozu, 万)^{←よろづ (yorodu, historical)}
Nanori: かず (kazu); かつ (katsu); すすむ (susumu); たか (taka); つむ (tsumu); つもる (tsumoru); ま (ma); ゆる (yuru); よし (yoshi)

As part of the surname 万俟:

Go-on: もく (moku)
Kan-on: ぼく (boku)

Compounds

万(まん)引(び)き (manbiki)
万年青(オモト) (omoto)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
万
まん Grade: 2
kan’yōon

Alternative spelling
萬 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mʉɐn^H). Compare modern Cantonese reading 萬 (maan⁶).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) まん [máꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2][3]
IPA^(key): [mã̠ɴ]

Noun

万(まん) • (man)

ten thousand, myriad
- 1999 October 17, “３(さん)万(まん)年(ねん)の白(しろ)亀(メ) [30,000-Year White Turtle]”, in BOOSTER 5, Konami:
  ３(さん)万(まん)年(ねん)も生(い)きつづけている巨(きょ)大(だい)カメ。守(しゅ)備(び)力(りょく)が高(たか)い。
  Sanman-nen mo ikitsuzukete iru kyodai kame. Shubiryoku ga takai.
  A giant turtle that has lived for over 30,000 years. It has high defense strength.

Derived terms

万(まん)一(いち) (man'ichi)
万(まん)が一(いち) (mangaichi)
万(まん)機(き) (manki)
万(まん)華(げ)鏡(きょう) (mangekyō)
万(まん)才(さい) (mansai)
万(マン)作(サク) (mansaku)
万(まん)善(ぜん) (manzen)
万(まん)全(ぜん) (manzen)
万(まん)灯(どう) (mandō)
万(まん)歩(ぽ)計(けい) (manpokei, “pedometer”)
万(まん)葉(よう) (man'yō)
万(まん)力(りき) (manriki)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
万
ばん Grade: 2
kan’on

Alternative spelling
萬 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mʉɐn^H). Compare modern Hokkien reading 萬 (bān).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ばん [báꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2][3]
IPA^(key): [bã̠ɴ]

Adverb

万(ばん) • (ban)

(followed by a negative) even if, never
(followed by a negative) no matter what

Prefix

万(ばん) • (ban-)

many
all

Derived terms

万(ばん)感(かん) (bankan, “flood of emotions”)
万(ばん)軍(ぐん) (bangun)
万(ばん)芸(げい) (bangei, “versatility”)
万(ばん)古(こ) (banko, “old time, all this time, eternity”)
万(ばん)斛(こく) (bankoku)
万(ばん)劫(ごう) (bangō, “an extremely long period of time”)
万(ばん)死(し) (banshi, “critical state of the life”)
万(ばん)寿(じゅ) (banju), 万(まん)寿(じゅ) (manju, “longevity”)
万(ばん)丈(じょう) (banjō, “hurrah”)
万(ばん)乗(じょう) (banjō, “sovereignty”)
万(ばん)状(じょう) (banjō, “diversification”)
万(ばん)博(ぱく) (banpaku, “international exposition”)
万(ばん)万(ばん) (banban, “very much”)
万(ばん)民(みん) (banmin, “all the people, the entire nation”)
万(ばん)有(ゆう) (ban'yū)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
万
よろず Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
萬 (kyūjitai)

⟨yo₂ro₂du⟩ → */jərədu/ → /jorod͡zu/ → /jorozu/

From Old Japanese,[4] found in the oldest sources such as the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).

Appears to be a compound or inflection, but the derivation is unclear. Possibly related to Korean 여러 (yeoreo, “several, various”), in which case the final /-du/ in the Old Japanese might be a voiced version of the generic numeral nominalizer つ (tsu).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) よろず [yóꜜròzù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2][3]
(Tokyo) よろず [yòrózú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2][3]
IPA^(key): [jo̞ɾo̞zɨᵝ]

Noun

万(よろず) • (yorozu) ^{←よろづ (yorodu)^?}

ten thousand
a large number
all, everything

Derived terms

万(よろず)屋(や) (yorozuya, “general merchant”)

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

万 (eumhun 일 만 (il man))

Alternative form of 萬.

References

Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo).

Vietnamese

Han character

万: Hán Việt readings: vạn[1][2]
万: Nôm readings: vàn[2][3], vạn[1], muôn[2]

Alternative form of 萬.

References

Nguyễn et al. (2009).
Trần (2004).
Hồ (1976).

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[SMK5-3] 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-4] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[tdcntd-5] Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-6] Trần (2004).

[btcn-7] Hồ (1976).

万

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

Related characters

Descendants

Further reading

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Adverb

Prefix

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

References

Korean

Hanja

References

Vietnamese

Han character

References