むくい

むくい

Japanese

Alternative spellings
報い 酬い (less common)

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

Originally derived as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb むくゆ (mukuyu, “to repay, to recompense”). In modern Japanese, analyzable as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of the modern descendant of mukuyu, verb 報いる・酬いる (mukuiru, “to repay, to recompense”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) むくい​ [mùkúíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2][3]
• (Tokyo) むく​い [mùkúꜜì] (Nakadaka – [2])[2][4][3]
• (Tokyo) むくい [mùkúí] (Heiban – [0])[2][4][3]
• IPA^(key): [mɯ̟ᵝkɯ̟ᵝi]

Noun

むくい • (mukui) 

1. [from 720] 報い, 酬い: (positive) reward, recompense, or (negative) retribution for having done something

   Synonyms: (positive sense) 報酬 (hōshū), (either positive or negative) 果報 (kahō), (“thanks”) 謝礼 (sharei), (“retaliation”) 仕返し (shikaeshi), (“revenge, vengeance”) 復讐 (fukushū)

2. [from circa 999] 報い, 酬い: karma, karmic effect from something done in a previous life

   Synonym: (either positive or negative) 果報 (kahō)

Verb

むくい • (mukui) 

1. 報い, 酬い: the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb むくいる (mukuiru, “to repay, to recompense”)

Verb

むくいする • (mukui suru) suru (stem むくいし (mukui shi), past むくいした (mukui shita))

1. [from 1884] 報い, 酬い: to give thanks or compensate to someone for an action

   Synonyms: (“thanks”) 謝礼 (sharei), (“compensation, payment”) 報酬 (hōshū)

2. [from circa 935] 報い, 酬い: to retaliate against or wreak vengeance on someone for an action

   Synonyms: (“retaliation”) 仕返し (shikaeshi), (“revenge, vengeance”) 復讐 (fukushū)

Inflection

Conjugation of "むくいする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	むくいし	mukui shi
Continuative (連用形)	むくいし	mukui shi
Terminal (終止形)	むくいする	mukui suru
Attributive (連体形)	むくいする	mukui suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	むくいすれ	mukui sure
Imperative (命令形)	むくいせよ¹ むくいしろ²	mukui seyo¹ mukui shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	むくいされる	mukui sareru
Causative	むくいさせる むくいさす	mukui saseru mukui sasu
Potential	むくいできる	mukui dekiru
Volitional	むくいしよう	mukui shiyō
Negative	むくいしない	mukui shinai
Negative continuative	むくいせず	mukui sezu
Formal	むくいします	mukui shimasu
Perfective	むくいした	mukui shita
Conjunctive	むくいして	mukui shite
Hypothetical conditional	むくいすれば	mukui sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN