まるぶ
Japanese
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 転ぶ |
Etymology
Attested from the Muromachi period in the 風姿花伝 (Fūshikaden), a seven-volume treatise on Noh completed around 1402.[1]
Appears to be a variation from, or parallel form of, 転ぶ (marobu).
The Hachijō dialects are regarded as having evolved from the ancient eastern dialects exhibited in the Man'yōshū of c. 759 CE, indicating that this term is likely substantially older than the 1400s, and from Proto-Japonic *mar- (“to die”); cognate with Okinawan まーすん (māsun).[2]
Verb
まるぶ • (marubu) intransitive †yodan
- (Classical Japanese) to roll or roll over; to fall over, to fall down, to capsize, to turn upside-down
- (Hachijō) to die
Usage notes
This verb is attested in standard Japanese only through the classical period, with the 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”) pattern.
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "まるぶ" (バ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | まるば | maruba | |
| Continuative (連用形) | まるび | marubi | |
| Terminal (終止形) | まるぶ | marubu | |
| Attributive (連体形) | まるぶ | marubu | |
| Realis (已然形) | まるべ | marube | |
| Imperative (命令形) | まるべ | marube | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | まるばず | marubazu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | まるべど | marubedo | |
| Causal conjunction | まるべば | marubeba | |
| Conditional conjunction | まるばば | marubaba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | まるびき | marubiki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | まるびけり | marubikeri | |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | まるびつ | marubitu | |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | まるびぬ | marubinu | |
| Perfect-continuative tense | まるべり まるびたり | maruberi marubitari | |
| Volitional | まるばむ | marubamu | |
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- “まーすん” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.