なえる
Japanese
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 萎える |
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) なえる [nàéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])[1][2]
- IPA(key): [na̠e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
Verb
なえる • (naeru) intransitive ichidan (stem なえ (nae), past なえた (naeta), historical kana なへる、なえる)
- lose strength, become physically weaker
- lose one's drive
- wither, droop
Conjugation
Conjugation of "なえる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | なえ | nae | ||
| Continuative (連用形) | なえ | nae | ||
| Terminal (終止形) | なえる | naeru | ||
| Attributive (連体形) | なえる | naeru | ||
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | なえれ | naere | ||
| Imperative (命令形) | なえよ¹ なえろ² | naeyo¹ naero² | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | なえられる | naerareru | ||
| Causative | なえさせる なえさす | naesaseru naesasu | ||
| Potential | なえられる なえれる³ | naerareru naereru³ | ||
| Volitional | なえよう | naeyō | ||
| Negative | なえない なえぬ なえん | naenai naenu naen | ||
| Negative continuative | なえず | naezu | ||
| Formal | なえます | naemasu | ||
| Perfective | なえた | naeta | ||
| Conjunctive | なえて | naete | ||
| Hypothetical conditional | なえれば | naereba | ||
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Classical conjugation of "なふ" (ハ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | なへ | nafe | |
| Continuative (連用形) | なへ | nafe | |
| Terminal (終止形) | なふ | nafu | |
| Attributive (連体形) | なふる | nafuru | |
| Realis (已然形) | なふれ | nafure | |
| Imperative (命令形) | なへよ | nafeyo | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | なへず | nafezu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | なふれど | nafuredo | |
| Causal conjunction | なふれば | nafureba | |
| Conditional conjunction | なへば | nafeba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | なへき | nafeki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | なへけり | nafekeri | |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | なへつ | nafetu | |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | なへぬ | nafenu | |
| Perfect-continuative tense | なへたり | nafetari | |
Classical conjugation of "なゆ" (ヤ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | なえ | nae | |
| Continuative (連用形) | なえ | nae | |
| Terminal (終止形) | なゆ | nayu | |
| Attributive (連体形) | なゆる | nayuru | |
| Realis (已然形) | なゆれ | nayure | |
| Imperative (命令形) | なえよ | naeyo | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | なえず | naezu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | なゆれど | nayuredo | |
| Causal conjunction | なゆれば | nayureba | |
| Conditional conjunction | なえば | naeba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | なえき | naeki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | なえけり | naekeri | |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | なえつ | naetu | |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | なえぬ | naenu | |
| Perfect-continuative tense | なえたり | naetari | |
References
- 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
- 1960, Tetsuo Hirayama (平山輝男, editor), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”), (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN