でんぐり返す

でんぐり返す

Japanese

Kanji in this term
返
かえ > がえ Grade: 3

Etymology

Compound of でんぐり (denguri) +‎ 返す (kaesu, “to turn something over”).[1][2] The kaesu changes to gaesu as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Sometimes also pronounced without rendaku and with a hard k sound instead, as dengurikaesu.[1]

The denguri part is of unclear origin. It only appears in this compound and derived forms.

• The den portion is most likely the same den found in terms such as でんでん (denden, “one after the next, rolling, continuous”, adverb), itself also found in the compound でんでん太鼓 (denden-daiko, “denden (rolling? continuous?) drum”, a small taiko drum with a handle extending from the bottom and two small balls attached by short strings to each side as strikers, played by holding in one hand and rapidly twisting the handle back and forth).
• The guri portion is almost certainly 繰り (kuri, “winding, reeling, spinning”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 繰る (kuru, “to wind, to spin, to reel”).

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) でんぐりが​えす [dèńgúrígáꜜèsù] (Nakadaka – [5])[2]
  • IPA^(key): [dẽ̞ŋɡɯ̟ᵝɾʲiɡa̠e̞sɨᵝ]

Verb

でんぐり返す (transitive, hiragana でんぐりがえす, rōmaji dengurigaesu)

1. to turn something over, to turn something upside-down
2. to make someone or something do a somersault (either forwards or backwards)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "でんぐり返す" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	でんぐり返さ	でんぐりがえさ	dengurigaesa
Continuative (連用形)	でんぐり返し	でんぐりがえし	dengurigaeshi
Terminal (終止形)	でんぐり返す	でんぐりがえす	dengurigaesu
Attributive (連体形)	でんぐり返す	でんぐりがえす	dengurigaesu
Hypothetical (仮定形)	でんぐり返せ	でんぐりがえせ	dengurigaese
Imperative (命令形)	でんぐり返せ	でんぐりがえせ	dengurigaese
Key constructions
Passive	でんぐり返される	でんぐりがえされる	dengurigaesareru
Causative	でんぐり返させる でんぐり返さす	でんぐりがえさせる でんぐりがえさす	dengurigaesaseru dengurigaesasu
Potential	でんぐり返せる	でんぐりがえせる	dengurigaeseru
Volitional	でんぐり返そう	でんぐりがえそう	dengurigaesō
Negative	でんぐり返さない	でんぐりがえさない	dengurigaesanai
Negative continuative	でんぐり返さず	でんぐりがえさず	dengurigaesazu
Formal	でんぐり返します	でんぐりがえします	dengurigaeshimasu
Perfective	でんぐり返した	でんぐりがえした	dengurigaeshita
Conjunctive	でんぐり返して	でんぐりがえして	dengurigaeshite
Hypothetical conditional	でんぐり返せば	でんぐりがえせば	dengurigaeseba

Derived terms

Derived terms

• でんぐり返 (がえ)し (dengurigaeshi): a somersault

Related terms

→

• でんぐり返 (がえ)る (dengurigaeru): to somersault (intransitive); to be head over heels, to be in disarray, to be very confused
• でんぐり返 (がえ)り (dengurigaeri): a somersault

Synonyms

• (turn over): ひっくり返 (かえ)す (hikkurikaesu)

References

1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN