つむる
Japanese
| Hiragana | modern | つむる |
|---|---|---|
| historical | つむる | |
| Kanji | 瞑る | |
Etymology
From つぶる (tsuburu). Bilabial plosive /b/ becomes bilabial nasal /m/.
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) つむる [tsùmúrú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝmɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]
Verb
つむる (transitive, godan conjugation, rōmaji tsumuru)
- Alternative form of つぶる (tsuburu, “to close one's eyes”)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "つむる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | つむら | tsumura | |
| Continuative (連用形) | つむり | tsumuri | |
| Terminal (終止形) | つむる | tsumuru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | つむる | tsumuru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | つむれ | tsumure | |
| Imperative (命令形) | つむれ | tsumure | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | つむられる | tsumurareru | |
| Causative | つむらせる つむらす | tsumuraseru tsumurasu | |
| Potential | つむれる | tsumureru | |
| Volitional | つむろう | tsumurō | |
| Negative | つむらない | tsumuranai | |
| Negative continuative | つむらず | tsumurazu | |
| Formal | つむります | tsumurimasu | |
| Perfective | つむった | tsumutta | |
| Conjunctive | つむって | tsumutte | |
| Hypothetical conditional | つむれば | tsumureba | |
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN