たり
Japanese
Etymology 1
From the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) of the classical tari below.
Particle
たり (rōmaji tari)
- Shows examples of actions or states.
- テレビを見たり、パソコンをしたりしている。
- Terebi o mitari, pasokon o shitari shite iru.
- I'm (doing things like) watching TV and playing on the computer.
- テレビを見たり、パソコンをしたりしている。
Usage notes
Attaches to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verbs, adjectives, and nominals, in the same way as the past/perfective ending た (ta). (The result is segmentally identical to the past/perfective form + ri.)
Etymology 2
/-te ari/ → /-tari/
Contraction of て (te), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of the classical perfective つ (tsu), and あり (ari, “to be; to exist”).
Suffix
たり (r-irregular conjugation, rōmaji -tari)
- (Classical Japanese, jodōshi) Used to form the stative of verbs.
Conjugation
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | たら | tara | |
| Continuative (連用形) | たり | tari | |
| Terminal (終止形) | たり | tari | |
| Attributive (連体形) | たる | taru | |
| Realis (已然形) | たれ | tare | |
| Imperative (命令形) | たれ | tare | |
| Key constructions | |||
Derived terms
- た (-ta, past or perfective)
- たら (-tara, conditional)
- たり (-tari) (above)
Etymology 3
/-to ari/ → /-tari/
Contraction of the case particle と (to) and the verb あり (ari, “to be; to exist”).
Verb
たり (rōmaji tari)
- (Classical Japanese or archaic) to be
- 処女たる女神
- shojo taru megami
- virgin goddess
- 処女たる女神
Conjugation
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | たら | tara | ||
| Continuative (連用形) | と[1] たり[2] | to tari | ||
| Terminal (終止形) | たり | tari | ||
| Attributive (連体形) | たる | taru | ||
| Realis (已然形) | たれ | tare | ||
| Imperative (命令形) | たれ | tare | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Negative | たらず | tarazu | ||
| Contrasting conjunction | たれど | taredo | ||
| Causal conjunction | たれば | tareba | ||
| Conditional conjunction | たらば | taraba | ||
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | たりき | tariki | ||
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | たりけり | tarikeri | ||
| Adverbial | と | to | ||
| [1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. | ||||
In modern Japanese, the continuative と (to) or として (to shite) and the adnominal たる (taru) are used with the so-called -tari adjectives.