しむ

しむ

Japanese

Alternative spellings
使む 令む

Alternative forms

• (modernized) しめる (-shimeru)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕimɯ̟ᵝ]

Suffix

しむ • (-shimu) ^†nidan

1. (archaic, after mizenkei stem)
   1. Forming causative forms of verbs: to make (someone do)
      • 1945, Hirohito, Jewel Voice Broadcast

        朕(ちん)ハ帝(てい)國(こく)政(せい)府(ふ)ヲシテ米(べい)英(えい)支(し)蘇(そ)四(し)國(こく)ニ對(たい)シ其(そ)ノ共(きょう)同(どう)宣(せん)言(げん)ヲ受(じゅ)諾(だく)スル旨(むね)通(つう)告(こく)セシメタリ

        Chin wa teikoku seifu o shite bei ei shi so shikoku ni taishi sono kyōdō sengen o judaku suru mune tsūkoku seshimetari

        We have ordered our government to communicate to the governments of the United States, Great Britain, China and the Soviet Union that our empire accepts the provisions of their joint declaration.

   2. A honorific or humble suffix.

Conjugation

Classical conjugation of "しむ" (マ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	しめ		sime
Continuative (連用形)	しめ		sime
Terminal (終止形)	しむ		simu
Attributive (連体形)	しむる		simuru
Realis (已然形)	しむれ		simure
Imperative (命令形)	しめよ		simeyo
Key constructions
Negative	しめず		simezu
Contrasting conjunction	しむれど		simuredo
Causal conjunction	しむれば		simureba
Conditional conjunction	しめば		simeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	しめき		simeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	しめけり		simekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	しめつ		simetu
Perfect tense (natural event)	しめぬ		simenu
Perfect-continuative tense	しめたり		simetari
Volitional	しめむ		simemu

See also

• せる (-seru)
• させる (-saseru)