させる
Japanese
Etymology 1
From Classical Japanese さす (sasu), which followed 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”).
Some linguists suggest that させる is a variant of せる, where a reduplicative "s" is added to avoid vowel clusters. (e.g. 食べる + せる → *tabe- + *-ase- → *tabease- + *tabesase- → 食べさせる)
Suffix
させる (ichidan conjugation, rōmaji -saseru)
- (jodōshi) Used to form the causative of verbs.
- Expresses causation: to make ... do ...
- 2010, 【東方合同動画企画】魔理沙とアリスのクッキーKiss
- 私も食べさせる~!
- Watashi mo tabesaseru~!
- I'll make [Reimu] eat, too!
- 私も食べさせる~!
- 2010, 【東方合同動画企画】魔理沙とアリスのクッキーKiss
- Expresses causation: to make ... do ...
Conjugation
Stem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | させ | -sase | ||
Continuative (連用形) | させ | -sase | ||
Terminal (終止形) | させる | -saseru | ||
Attributive (連体形) | させる | -saseru | ||
Hypothetical (仮定形) | させれ | -sasere | ||
Imperative (命令形) | させよ¹ させろ² | -saseyo¹ -sasero² | ||
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | させられる | -saserareru | ||
Causative | - | - | ||
Potential | させられる させれる³ | -saserareru -sasereru³ | ||
Volitional | させよう | -saseyō | ||
Negative | させない させぬ させん | -sasenai -sasenu -sasen | ||
Negative continuative | させず | -sasezu | ||
Formal | させます | -sasemasu | ||
Perfective | させた | -saseta | ||
Conjunctive | させて | -sasete | ||
Hypothetical conditional | させれば | -sasereba | ||
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
Usage notes
Attaches only to the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of Group II (ichidan) verbs and the irregular verb 来る (kuru). The result is conjugated like a Group II (ichidan) verb.
- 起きる (okiru) → 起きさせる (oki-saseru), 起きさせます (oki-sasemasu), etc.
- 食べる (taberu) → 食べさせる (tabe-saseru), 食べさせます (tabe-sasemasu), etc.
- 来る (kuru) → 来させる (ko-saseru), 来させます (ko-sasemasu), etc.
The passive form of verbs from other conjugation classes are formed with せる (-seru) instead of させる (-saseru).
In colloquial speech, させる (-saseru) can be contracted to さす (-sasu), which follows 五段活用 (godan katsuyō, “quinquigrade conjugation”).
See also
- せる (-seru)
- しめる (-shimeru)
Verb
させる (rōmaji saseru)
- causative of する (suru)