ござる
Japanese
Verb
ござる (irregular conjugation, rōmaji gozaru)
- 御座る: (archaic) to exist, to be, to have
- In classical Japanese ござる (gozaru) was the polite form of ある (aru), but applicable both to animate and to inanimate objects. It survives in modern Japanese only in the inflected forms ございました (gozaimashita), ございましたら (gozaimashitara), ございます (gozaimasu), and です (desu), originally a contraction of でございます (de gozaimasu). - "Go" is a politeness prefix, "za" is the equivalent of "aru" in Sino-Japanese, and finally "ru" is a suffix for verbs. Another interesting opinion is that it is a contraction of ござある, gozaaru, composed of 御座, goza (« noble seat ») and of ある, aru (« to exist »), literally « to be on a noble seat ».
Conjugation
Conjugation of "ござる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | ござら | gozara | |
| Continuative (連用形) | ござい ござり | gozai gozari | |
| Terminal (終止形) | ござる | gozaru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | ござる | gozaru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | ござれ | gozare | |
| Imperative (命令形) | ござい | gozai | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | ござられる | gozarareru | |
| Causative | ござらせる ござらす | gozaraseru gozarasu | |
| Potential | ござれる | gozareru | |
| Volitional | ござろう | gozarō | |
| Negative | ござらない | gozaranai | |
| Negative continuative | ござらず | gozarazu | |
| Formal | ございます | gozaimasu | |
| Perfective | ござった | gozatta | |
| Conjunctive | ござって | gozatte | |
| Hypothetical conditional | ござれば | gozareba | |