こごえる

こごえる

Japanese

Alternative spelling
凍える

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) こごえる [kògóérú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2][3]
• (Tokyo) こごえ​る [kògóéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[2]
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ɡo̞e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

こごえる • (kogoeru) intransitive ichidan (stem こごえ (kogoe), past こごえた (kogoeta))

1. to freeze, to be cold
   • 1977, 阿(あ)久(く)悠(ゆう) (Aku Yū) [Yū Aku] (lyrics), “津(つ)軽(がる)海(かい)峡(きょう) ・ 冬(ふゆ)景(げ)色(しき) (Tsugaru Kaikyō Fuyugeshiki) [Tsugaru Strait Winter Scenery]”, performed by 石(いし)川(かわ)さゆり (Ishikawa Sayuri) [Sayuri Ishikawa]:

     こごえそうな鴎(かもめ)見(み)つめ泣(な)いていました

     kogoesō na kamome mitsume naiteimashita

     Gazing at the seagulls flying in the freezing cold (lit. who seemed like they might freeze), I cried

Usage notes

凍(こご)える (kogoeru) is often used for body parts (of living organisms) to freeze, while 凍(こお)る (kōru) is often used for objects (e.g. water freezes).

Conjugation

Conjugation of "こごえる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	こごえ	kogoe
Continuative (連用形)	こごえ	kogoe
Terminal (終止形)	こごえる	kogoeru
Attributive (連体形)	こごえる	kogoeru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	こごえれ	kogoere
Imperative (命令形)	こごえよ¹ こごえろ²	kogoeyo¹ kogoero²
Key constructions
Passive	こごえられる	kogoerareru
Causative	こごえさせる こごえさす	kogoesaseru kogoesasu
Potential	こごえられる こごえれる³	kogoerareru kogoereru³
Volitional	こごえよう	kogoeyō
Negative	こごえない こごえぬ こごえん	kogoenai kogoenu kogoen
Negative continuative	こごえず	kogoezu
Formal	こごえます	kogoemasu
Perfective	こごえた	kogoeta
Conjunctive	こごえて	kogoete
Hypothetical conditional	こごえれば	kogoereba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
3. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN