かす

かす

See also: かず

Japanese

Etymology 1

Alternative spellings
粕 糟 滓 渣

Possibly from Old Japanese. First cited to the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.[1]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) か​す [káꜜsù] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3][4]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠sɨᵝ]

Noun

かす or カス • (kasu) 

1. [from 934] 粕, 糟: in sake production, the dregs or lees left over after extracting the liquid from the fermented rice mash

   Synonyms: 酒粕 (sake kasu), 酒の粕 (sake no kasu)

2. [from 934] 滓, 渣: the sediment, impurities, dregs, or lees on the bottom of a container after a liquid has settled

   Synonyms: 滓・澱 (ori), 澱・淀 (odomi)

3. [from 1002] 滓, 渣: anything left over after everything useful or good has been extracted

   Synonyms: (waste, dross) 屑 (kuzu), (leftovers, dross) 残り屑 (nokorikuzu)

4. [from 1786] 滓, 渣: (derogatory) insulting reference to a person
5. [from 1786] 滓, 渣: (playing cards) in 花札 (hanafuda, “traditional Japanese flower playing cards”), a one-point card, a garbage card

   Synonym: (garbage card) かすふだ (kasufuda)

6. [from 1820] 粕, 糟: (figurative) a scolding, terrible criticism (only used in this sense in the set phrase 粕(かす)を食(く)う, 糟(かす)を食(く)う (kasu o kuu, literally “to eat the dregs”))

Derived terms

• 糟(かす)を食(く)う (kasu o kuu): “to eat the dregs” → to receive a scolding, to receive terrible criticism

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of かす – see the following entry.

【貸す】 [verb] to lend; to let someone use [verb] to lease [verb] (American English) to rent out; (British English) to hire out

(This term, かす, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

Any of various Chinese-derived terms.

For pronunciation and definitions of かす – see the following entries.

【化す】 [verb] change into 【科す】 [verb] to inflict; to impose (a fine, etc.)​ 【課す】 [verb] impose, such as a tax

(This term, かす, is an alternative spelling of the above Sino-Japanese terms.)

(The following entries are uncreated: 架す, 嫁す, 痂す, 呵す.)

References

1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
4. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN