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单词 おどろく
释义

おどろく

Japanese

Alternative spellings
驚く
愕く
駭く

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1] Ultimate derivation unclear. Possibilities include:

  • Cognate with, or otherwise alteration from, 轟く (todoroku, to make a loud noise, as when surprised)
  • Derived from apparent conjugation form odo from 怖づ (odu, odzu, to be afraid, to be scared of something, modern verb 怖じる, ojiru), plus uncertain suffix -roku

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) どろ [òdóróꜜkù] (Nakadaka – [3])[2][3][4]
  • IPA(key): [o̞do̞ɾo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "驚く"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
驚くどろ[òdóróꜜkù]
Imperative (命令形)驚けどろ[òdóróꜜkè]
Key constructions
Passive驚かれるどろかれ[òdórókáréꜜrù]
Causative驚かせるどろかせ[òdórókáséꜜrù]
Potential驚けるどろけ[òdórókéꜜrù]
Volitional驚こうどろこ[òdórókóꜜò]
Negative驚かないどろかない[òdórókáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective驚かなかったどろかなかった[òdórókáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal驚きますどろきま[òdórókímáꜜsù]
Perfective驚いたどろいた[òdóróꜜìtà]
Conjunctive驚いてどろいて[òdóróꜜìtè]
Hypothetical conditional驚けばどろけば[òdóróꜜkèbà]

Verb

おどろく (odoroku) intransitive godan (stem おどろき (odoroki), past おどろいた (odoroita))

  1. to be astonished, surprised, amazed, startled
    • 2011, Barack Obama, 中東と北アフリカに関するバラク・オバマの演説, translation of "Remarks by the President on the Middle East and North Africa":
      この(かく)(めい)(もの)(がたり)やその(あと)()()(ごと)は、(おどろ)()たらない。
      Kono kakumei no monogatari ya sono ato no dekigoto wa, odoroku ni ataranai.
      The story of this revolution, and the ones that followed, should not have come as a surprise.
    • 1956 Kawabata, Snow Country
      (かれ)(おどろ)いて(はな)させると(ふか)()(がた)がついていた。
      Kare ga odoroite hanasaseru to fukai hagata ga tsuite ita.
      Startled, he pulled her arm away: deep tooth marks were on it.

Conjugation

Synonyms

  • びっくりする (bikkuri suru)

References

  1. 驚・愕・駭”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten) (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  2. 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  4. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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