いずこ
Japanese
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 何処 |
Etymology
⟨iduku⟩ → /id͡zuku/ → /id͡zuko/ → /izuko/
Shift from Old Japanese-derived いずく (izuku) of the same meaning.
By analogy with locative pronouns ここ (koko) and そこ (soko), both of which end in -ko, the final -u of izuku became -o. Furthermore, the final the -ku and -ko of both aforementioned pronouns ultimately share cognancy with Old Japanese 処 (-ko2), which would have been pronounced as /kə/ at that time. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) いずこ [íꜜzùkò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
- (Tokyo) いずこ [ìzúkó] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA(key): [izɨᵝko̞]
Pronoun
いずこ • (izuko) ←いづこ (iduko)?
- (archaic) indefinite interrogative pronoun: where, whence, whither, which
- c. 935, Ki no Tsurayuki, Tosa Nikki (Jōhei 5, twenty-ninth day of the first month)[2]
- おもしろき所に船を寄せて「こゝや何処」と問ひければ「土佐の泊」と言ひけり。
- Omoshiroki tokoro ni fune o yosete, “koko ya izuko,” to toikereba, “Tosa-no-tomari” to iikeri.
- As the boat arrived at some fascinating place I asked, “Whither here?” He said, “Tosa Harbor”.
- [Note: some manuscripts use いどこ (idoko) of the same meaning instead of izuko.]
- おもしろき所に船を寄せて「こゝや何処」と問ひければ「土佐の泊」と言ひけり。
- 1998, Miyuki Ishimoto (lyrics), Satoshi Hinokibara (music), “Yuki Shinshin [Snow Falling Heavily]”, performed by Ayako Fuji:
- 肌を寄せた愛を失くし 胸に淋しさ突き刺さる
しんしんしん雪が舞う舞う しんしんしんしん夜明けはいづこ- hada o yoseta ai o nakushi mune ni sabishisa tsukisasaru
shin-shin-shin yuki ga maumau shinshin-shinshin yoake wa izuko - Coming to my skin, love has been lost―my heart is piercing with loneliness!
Falling heavily, the snow is dancing, dancing―it's falling very heavily, where is the dawn?
- hada o yoseta ai o nakushi mune ni sabishisa tsukisasaru
- 肌を寄せた愛を失くし 胸に淋しさ突き刺さる
- c. 935, Ki no Tsurayuki, Tosa Nikki (Jōhei 5, twenty-ninth day of the first month)[2]
- (archaic, after a particle) indefinite demonstrative pronoun: anywhere, everywhere, somewhere
- 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 3, poem 166; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 36)
- 夏の夜はまだ宵ながらあけぬるを雲のいづこに月やどるらむ
- natsu no yo wa mada yoi nagara akenuru o kumo no izuko ni tsuki yadoruran
- The summer night dims as evening hours have not yet passed―somewhere in the clouds the moon takes her refuge.
- 夏の夜はまだ宵ながらあけぬるを雲のいづこに月やどるらむ
- 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 3, poem 166; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 36)
Derived terms
Derived terms
- いどこ (idoko)
- → どこ (doko, modern form)
- いずこともなし (izuko tomo nashi)
- いずこはあれど (izuko wa aredo)
- いずこはかと (izuko haka to)
- いずこはかりに (izuko hakari ni)
- いずこも (izuko mo)
- いずこを面に (izuko o omote ni)
- いずこをはかと (izuko o haka to)
- いずこをはかりと (izuko o hakari to)
See also
Classical Japanese pronouns and demonstratives
| a-/wa- “I, we” (first person) | na-/-ma- “you, ye, thou” (second person) | k- “this” (close to speaker) | s- “that” (close to listener) | a-/ka- “that over there” (far from both) | i-/ta-/nani- “who, what, where, how, when” (interrogative) | ono- “oneself” (reflexive) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | あ (a) あれ (are) わ (wa) われ (ware) まろ (maro) | な (na) なれ (nare) なんぢ (nanji) まし (mashi) いまし (imashi) みまし (mimashi) きみ (kimi) | こ (ko) これ (kore) | そ (so) それ (sore) | あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) | た (ta) たれ (tare) なにがし (nanigashi) | おの (ono) おのれ (onore) |
| Thing | こ (ko) これ (kore) | そ (so) それ (sore) | あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) | いづれ (izure) なに (nani) | |||
| Location | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あしこ (ashiko) かしこ (kashiko) | いづく (izuku) いづこ (izuko) いどこ (idoko) どこ (doko) | |||
| Direction | こち (kochi) こなた (konata) | そち (sochi) そなた (sonata) | あち (achi) あなた (anata) かなた (kanata) | いづち (izuchi) いづら (izura) いづかた (izukata) | |||
| Manner | か (ka) かく (kaku) かくて (kakute) かう (kō) | さ (sa) さて (sate) しか (shika) | いか (ika) | ||||
| Time | いつ (itsu) |
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- Hasegawa, Masaharu; Yūichirō Imanishi, Hiroshi Itō, Hiroshi Yoshioka (1989) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 24: Tosa Nikki, Kagerō Nikki, Murasaki Shikibu Nikki, Sarashina Nikki, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN