あやめる
Japanese
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 危める 殺める |
Etymology
/ajamu/ → /ajamuru/ → /ajameru/
First attested in the late Muromachi period.[1]
Possibly cognate with 危うい (ayaui, “dangerous, perilous”).
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) あやめる [àyáméꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[2]
- IPA(key): [a̠ja̠me̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
Verb
あやめる • (ayameru) ichidan (stem あやめ (ayame), past あやめた (ayameta))
- 危める: to wound
- 危める, 殺める: to kill
Conjugation
Conjugation of "あやめる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | あやめ | ayame | ||
| Continuative (連用形) | あやめ | ayame | ||
| Terminal (終止形) | あやめる | ayameru | ||
| Attributive (連体形) | あやめる | ayameru | ||
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | あやめれ | ayamere | ||
| Imperative (命令形) | あやめよ¹ あやめろ² | ayameyo¹ ayamero² | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | あやめられる | ayamerareru | ||
| Causative | あやめさせる あやめさす | ayamesaseru ayamesasu | ||
| Potential | あやめられる あやめれる³ | ayamerareru ayamereru³ | ||
| Volitional | あやめよう | ayameyō | ||
| Negative | あやめない あやめぬ あやめん | ayamenai ayamenu ayamen | ||
| Negative continuative | あやめず | ayamezu | ||
| Formal | あやめます | ayamemasu | ||
| Perfective | あやめた | ayameta | ||
| Conjunctive | あやめて | ayamete | ||
| Hypothetical conditional | あやめれば | ayamereba | ||
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Classical conjugation of "あやむ" (マ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | あやめ | ayame | |
| Continuative (連用形) | あやめ | ayame | |
| Terminal (終止形) | あやむ | ayamu | |
| Attributive (連体形) | あやむる | ayamuru | |
| Realis (已然形) | あやむれ | ayamure | |
| Imperative (命令形) | あやめよ | ayameyo | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | あやめず | ayamezu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | あやむれど | ayamuredo | |
| Causal conjunction | あやむれば | ayamureba | |
| Conditional conjunction | あやめば | ayameba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | あやめき | ayameki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | あやめけり | ayamekeri | |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | あやめつ | ayametu | |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | あやめぬ | ayamenu | |
| Perfect-continuative tense | あやめたり | ayametari | |
| Volitional | あやめむ | ayamemu | |
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN