あくび
Japanese
Etymology 1
Alternative spellings |
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欠 欠伸 |
Possibly from Old Japanese; first attested in the 新撰字鏡 (Shinsen Jikyō, “Newly Compiled Mirror of Characters”) of 898–901 CE.[1]
Appears to be derived as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb あくぶ,[1][2] although this verb form isn't attested until the 枕草子 (Makura Sōshi, “The Pillow Book”) of 1002.[3]
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) あくび [àkúbí] (Heiban – [0])[3]
- IPA(key): [a̠kɯ̟ᵝbʲi]
Noun
あくび • (akubi)
- 欠, 欠伸: [from 901] a yawn, yawning
- 欠伸は移るよ
- akubi wa utsuru yo
- A yawn can be contagious, isn't it
- 欠伸は移るよ
- 欠: the 欠 element in kanji characters
Derived terms
- 欠伸形 (akubi-gata)
- 生欠伸 (nama akubi)
Idioms
- 欠伸を噛み殺す (akubi o kamikorosu): “to bite down and kill a yawn” → to stifle a yawn
Verb
あくびする • (akubi suru) intransitive suru (stem あくびし (akubi shi), past あくびした (akubi shita))
- to yawn
Conjugation
Conjugation of "あくびする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | あくびし | akubi shi | ||
Continuative (連用形) | あくびし | akubi shi | ||
Terminal (終止形) | あくびする | akubi suru | ||
Attributive (連体形) | あくびする | akubi suru | ||
Hypothetical (仮定形) | あくびすれ | akubi sure | ||
Imperative (命令形) | あくびせよ¹ あくびしろ² | akubi seyo¹ akubi shiro² | ||
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | あくびされる | akubi sareru | ||
Causative | あくびさせる あくびさす | akubi saseru akubi sasu | ||
Potential | あくびできる | akubi dekiru | ||
Volitional | あくびしよう | akubi shiyō | ||
Negative | あくびしない | akubi shinai | ||
Negative continuative | あくびせず | akubi sezu | ||
Formal | あくびします | akubi shimasu | ||
Perfective | あくびした | akubi shita | ||
Conjunctive | あくびして | akubi shite | ||
Hypothetical conditional | あくびすれば | akubi sureba | ||
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of あくび – see the following entry. | ||
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(This term, あくび, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN