ⲁⲣⲉϩ
Coptic
Alternative forms
- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ (hareh) – Sahidic
- (rare) ϩⲁⲣⲏϩⲉ (harēhe) – Sahidic
- ⲉⲣⲉϩ (ereh) – Sahidic, Akhmimic
- ⲉⲣⲏϩ (erēh) – Sahidic, Akhmimic
- ⲁⲣⲏϩ (arēh) – Akhmimic, Lycopolitan
- ⲁⲗⲉϩ (aleh) – Fayyumic
Etymology
From Demotic ḥrḥ (“to protect”), likely from Egyptian ḥrḥr (“to guard”).
Verb
ⲁⲣⲉϩ • (areh)
- (Sahidic, Bohairic) to keep, to guard
- (Bohairic) to study, to learn
Conjugation
Conjugation of ⲁⲣⲉϩ (Bohairic dialect)
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲁⲣⲉϩ areh | imperative | affirmative | ⲁⲣⲉϩ areh |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉϩ štemareh | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀perareh |
| singular | plural | nominal | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||||
| masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | ||||||||
| durative sentence | |||||||||||
| ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - | |||
| present | basic | ϯⲁⲣⲉϩ tiareh | ⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ kareh | ⲧⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ teareh | ϥⲁⲣⲉϩ fareh | ⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ sareh | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ tenareh | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ tetenareh | ⲥⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ seareh | ⲁⲣⲉϩ areh | |
| circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ eiareh | ⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ ekareh | ⲉⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ ereareh | ⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ efareh | ⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ esareh | ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ enareh | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ eretenareh | ⲉⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ euareh | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ ere- areh | ||
| relative | ⲉϯⲁⲣⲉϩ etiareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ etekareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ eteareh | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ etefareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ etesareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ etenareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ etetenareh | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ etouareh | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ ete- areh | ||
| preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ naiareh | ⲛⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ nakareh | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ nareareh | ⲛⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ nafareh | ⲛⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ nasareh | ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ nanareh | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ naretenareh | ⲛⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ nauareh | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ nare- areh | ||
| focalising | ⲁⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ aiareh | ⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ akareh | ⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ areareh | ⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ afareh | ⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ asareh | ⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ anareh | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ aretenareh | ⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ auareh | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ are- areh | ||
| future | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ tinaareh | ⲭⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ khnaareh | ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ teraareh | ϥⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ fnaareh | ⲥⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ snaareh | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ tennaareh | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ tetennaareh | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ senaareh | ⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ naareh | |
| circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ einaareh | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ ekhnaareh | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ erenaareh | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ efnaareh | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ esnaareh | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ ennaareh | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ eretennaareh | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ eunaareh | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ ere- naareh | ||
| relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ etinaareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ etekhnaareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ etenaareh | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ etefnaareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ etesnaareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ etennaareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ etetennaareh | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ etounaareh | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ ete- naareh | ||
| preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ nainaareh | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ nakhnaareh | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ narenaareh | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ nafnaareh | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ nasnaareh | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ nannaareh | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ naretennaareh | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ naunaareh | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ nare- naareh | ||
| focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ ainaareh | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ akhnaareh | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ arenaareh | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ afnaareh | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ asnaareh | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ annaareh | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ aretennaareh | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ aunaareh | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ are- naareh | ||
| negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | ||||||||||
| non-durative sentence | |||||||||||
| ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - | |||
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ aiareh | ⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ akareh | ⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ areareh | ⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ afareh | ⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ asareh | ⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ anareh | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ atetenareh | ⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ auareh | ⲁ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ a- areh |
| negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀piareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀pekareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀peareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀pefareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀pesareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀penareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀petenareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀pouareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀pe- areh | ||
| circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ eaiareh | ⲉⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ eakareh | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ eareareh | ⲉⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ eafareh | ⲉⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ easareh | ⲉⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ eanareh | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ eatetenareh | ⲉⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ eauareh | ⲉⲁ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ ea- areh | |
| negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀piareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀pekareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀peareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀pefareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀pesareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀penareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀petenareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀pouareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀pe- areh | ||
| relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ etaiareh | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ etakareh | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ etareareh | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ etafareh | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ etasareh | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ etanareh | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ etaretenareh | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ etauareh | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ eta- areh | |
| negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀piareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀pekareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀peareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀pefareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀pesareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀penareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀petenareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀pouareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀pe- areh | ||
| preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ neaiareh | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ neakareh | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ neareareh | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ neafareh | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ neasareh | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ neanareh | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ neatetenareh | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ neauareh | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ nea- areh | |
| negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̀piareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̀pekareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̀peareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̀pefareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̀pesareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̀penareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̀petenareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̀pouareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̀pe- areh | ||
| focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ etaiareh | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ etakareh | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ etareareh | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ etafareh | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ etasareh | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ etanareh | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ etaretenareh | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ etauareh | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ eta- areh | |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀patiareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀patekareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀pateareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀patefareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀patesareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀patenareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀patetenareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀patouareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀pate- areh |
| circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀patiareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀patekareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀pateareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀patefareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀patesareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀patenareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀patetenareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀patouareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀pate- areh | |
| relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀patiareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀patekareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀pateareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀patefareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀patesareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀patenareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀patetenareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀patouareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀pate- areh | |
| preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲁⲣⲉϩ nam̀patiareh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ nam̀patekareh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ nam̀pateareh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ nam̀patefareh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ nam̀patesareh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ nam̀patenareh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ nam̀patetenareh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ nam̀patouareh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ nam̀pate- areh | |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ šaiareh | ϣⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ šakareh | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ šareareh | ϣⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ šafareh | ϣⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ šasareh | ϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ šanareh | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ šatetenareh | ϣⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ šauareh | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ šare- areh |
| negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀paiareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀pakareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀pareareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀pafareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀pasareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀panareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀paretenareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀pauareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀pare- areh | ||
| circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ ešaiareh | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ ešakareh | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ ešareareh | ⲉϣⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ ešafareh | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ ešasareh | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ ešanareh | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ ešatetenareh | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ ešauareh | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ ešare- areh | |
| negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀paiareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀pakareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀pareareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀pafareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀pasareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀panareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀paretenareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀pauareh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ em̀pare- areh | ||
| relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ etšaiareh | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ etšakareh | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ etšareareh | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ etšafareh | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ etšasareh | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ etšanareh | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ etšatetenareh | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ etšauareh | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ etšare- areh | |
| negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀paiareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀pakareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀pareareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀pafareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀pasareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀panareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀paretenareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀pauareh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ etm̀pare- areh | ||
| preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ našaiareh | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ našakareh | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ našareareh | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ našafareh | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ našasareh | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ našanareh | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ našatetenareh | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ našauareh | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ našare- areh | |
| negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ nam̀paiareh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ nam̀pakareh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ nam̀pareareh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ nam̀pafareh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ nam̀pasareh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ nam̀panareh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ nam̀paretenareh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ nam̀pauareh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ nam̀pare- areh | ||
| focalising | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ ešaiareh | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ ešakareh | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ ešareareh | ⲉϣⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ ešafareh | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ ešasareh | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ ešanareh | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ ešatetenareh | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ ešauareh | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ ešare- areh | |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ eieareh | ⲉⲕⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ ekeareh | ⲉⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ ereareh | ⲉϥⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ efeareh | ⲉⲥⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ eseareh | ⲉⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ eneareh | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ ereteneareh | ⲉⲩⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ eueareh | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ ere- areh |
| negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ ǹnaareh | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ ǹnekareh | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ ǹneareh | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ ǹnefareh | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ ǹnesareh | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ ǹnenareh | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ ǹnetenareh | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ ǹnouareh | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ ǹne- areh | ||
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ mariareh | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ marefareh | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ maresareh | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ marenareh | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ marouareh | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ mare- areh | |
| negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀penthriareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀penthrefareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀penthresareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀penthrenareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀penthreuareh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ m̀penthre- areh | |||||
| subordinate clause | |||||||||||
| ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - | |||
| conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ ǹtaareh | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ ǹtekareh | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ ǹteareh | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ ǹtefareh | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ ǹtesareh | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ ǹtenareh | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ ǹtetenareh | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ ǹseareh, ǹtouareh | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ ǹte- areh | ||
| future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ tariareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ tarekareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ tareareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ tarefareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ taresareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ tarenareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ taretenareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ tarouareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ tare- areh | ||
| limitative | ϣⲁϯⲁⲣⲉϩ šatiareh | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ šatekareh | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ šateareh | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ šatefareh | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ šatesareh | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ šatenareh | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ šatetenareh | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ šatouareh | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ šate- areh | ||
| conditional | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ aišanareh | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ akšanareh | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ arešanareh | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ afšanareh | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ asšanareh | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ anšanareh | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ aretenšanareh | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ aušanareh | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ arešan- areh | |
| short | ⲁⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ aiareh | ⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ akareh | ⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ areareh | ⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ afareh | ⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ asareh | ⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ anareh | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ aretenareh | ⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ auareh | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ are- areh | ||
| negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ||||||||||
Conjugation of ⲁⲣⲉϩ (Sahidic dialect)
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲁⲣⲉϩ areh | imperative | affirmative | ⲁⲣⲉϩ areh |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ tm̄areh | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pr̄areh |
| singular | plural | nominal | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||||
| masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | ||||||||
| durative sentence | |||||||||||
| ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - | |||
| present | basic | ϯⲁⲣⲉϩ tiareh | ⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ kareh | ⲧⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ teareh | ϥⲁⲣⲉϩ fareh | ⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ sareh | ⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ tn̄areh | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ tetn̄areh | ⲥⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ seareh | ⲁⲣⲉϩ areh | |
| circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲁⲣⲉϩ eïareh | ⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ ekareh | ⲉⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ ereareh | ⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ efareh | ⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ esareh | ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ enareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ etetn̄areh | ⲉⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ euareh | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ ere- areh | ||
| relative | ⲉϯⲁⲣⲉϩ etiareh | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ etk̄areh | ⲉⲧⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ eteareh, etereareh | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ etf̄areh | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ ets̄areh | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ etn̄areh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ etetn̄areh | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ etouareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ etere- areh | ||
| preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲁⲣⲉϩ neïareh | ⲛⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ nekareh | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ nereareh | ⲛⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ nefareh | ⲛⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ nesareh | ⲛⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ nenareh | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ netetn̄areh | ⲛⲉⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ neuareh | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ nere- areh | ||
| future | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ tinaareh | ⲕⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ knaareh | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ tenaareh | ϥⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ fnaareh | ⲥⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ snaareh | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ tn̄naareh | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ tetnaareh | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ senaareh | ⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ naareh | |
| circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ eïnaareh | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ eknaareh | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ erenaareh | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ efnaareh | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ esnaareh | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ ennaareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ etetnaareh | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ eunaareh | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ ere- naareh | ||
| relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ etinaareh | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ etk̄naareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ etenaareh, eterenaareh | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ etf̄naareh | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ ets̄naareh | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ etn̄naareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ etetnaareh | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ etounaareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ etere- naareh | ||
| preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ neïnaareh | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ neknaareh | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ nerenaareh | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ nefnaareh | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ nesnaareh | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ nennaareh | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ netetnaareh | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ neunaareh | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ nere- naareh | ||
| negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | ||||||||||
| non-durative sentence | |||||||||||
| ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - | |||
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲣⲉϩ aïareh | ⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ akareh | ⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲁⲣⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ aareh, arareh, areareh | ⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ afareh | ⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ asareh | ⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ anareh | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ atetn̄areh | ⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ auareh | ⲁ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ a- areh |
| negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄piareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pk̄areh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄peareh, m̄pr̄areh | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pf̄areh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄ps̄areh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pn̄areh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄petn̄areh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pouareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pe- areh | ||
| circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲣⲉϩ eaïareh | ⲉⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ eakareh | ⲉⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉⲁⲣⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ eaareh, earareh, eareareh | ⲉⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ eafareh | ⲉⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ easareh | ⲉⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ eanareh | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ eatetn̄areh | ⲉⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ eauareh | ⲉⲁ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ ea- areh | |
| negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄piareh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄pk̄areh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄peareh, em̄pr̄areh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄pf̄areh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄ps̄areh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄pn̄areh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄petn̄areh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄pouareh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄pe- areh | ||
| relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲣⲉϩ entaïareh, n̄taïareh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ entakareh, n̄takareh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ entaareh, n̄taareh, entarareh, n̄tarareh, entareareh, n̄tareareh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ entafareh, n̄tafareh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ entasareh, n̄tasareh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ entanareh, n̄tanareh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ entatetn̄areh, n̄tatetn̄areh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ entauareh, n̄tauareh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ enta- areh, n̄ta- areh | |
| negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄piareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄pk̄areh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄peareh, etem̄pr̄areh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄pf̄areh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄ps̄areh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄pn̄areh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄petn̄areh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄pouareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄pe- areh | ||
| preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲣⲉϩ neaïareh | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ neakareh | ⲛⲉⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ neaareh, nearareh, neareareh | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ neafareh | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ neasareh | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ neanareh | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ neatetn̄areh | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ neauareh | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ nea- areh | |
| negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄piareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄pk̄areh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄peareh, nem̄pr̄areh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄pf̄areh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄ps̄areh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄pn̄areh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄petn̄areh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄pouareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄pe- areh | ||
| focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄taïareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄takareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄taareh, n̄tarareh, n̄tareareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tafareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tasareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tanareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tatetn̄areh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tauareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄ta- areh | |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄patiareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄patk̄areh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pateareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄patf̄areh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pats̄areh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄patn̄areh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄patetn̄areh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄patouareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pate- areh |
| circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄patiareh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄patk̄areh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄pateareh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄patf̄areh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄pats̄areh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄patn̄areh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄patetn̄areh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄patouareh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄pate- areh | |
| relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄patiareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄patk̄areh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄pateareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄patf̄areh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄pats̄areh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄patn̄areh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄patetn̄areh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄patouareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄pate- areh | |
| preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄patiareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄patk̄areh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄pateareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄patf̄areh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄pats̄areh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄patn̄areh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄patetn̄areh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄patouareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄pate- areh | |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲣⲉϩ šaïareh | ϣⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ šakareh | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ šareareh | ϣⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ šafareh | ϣⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ šasareh | ϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ šanareh | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ šatetn̄areh | ϣⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ šauareh | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ šare- areh |
| negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲁⲣⲉϩ meïareh | ⲙⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ mekareh | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ mereareh | ⲙⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ mefareh | ⲙⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ mesareh | ⲙⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ menareh | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ metetn̄areh | ⲙⲉⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ meuareh | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ mere- areh | ||
| circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲣⲉϩ ešaïareh | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ ešakareh | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ ešareareh | ⲉϣⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ ešafareh | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ ešasareh | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ ešanareh | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ ešatetn̄areh | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ ešauareh | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ ešare- areh | |
| negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲁⲣⲉϩ emeïareh | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ emekareh | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ emereareh | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ emefareh | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ emesareh | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ emenareh | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ emetetn̄areh | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ emeuareh | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ emere- areh | ||
| relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲣⲉϩ etešaïareh, ešaïareh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ etešakareh, ešakareh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ etešareareh, ešareareh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ etešafareh, ešafareh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ etešasareh, ešasareh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ etešanareh, ešanareh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ etešatetn̄areh, ešatetn̄areh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ etešauareh, ešauareh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ etešare- areh, ešare- areh | |
| negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲁⲣⲉϩ etemeïareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ etemekareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ etemereareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ etemefareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ etemesareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ etemenareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ etemetetn̄areh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ etemeuareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ etemere- areh | ||
| preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲣⲉϩ nešaïareh | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ nešakareh | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ nešareareh | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ nešafareh | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ nešasareh | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ nešanareh | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ nešatetn̄areh | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ nešauareh | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ nešare- areh | |
| negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲁⲣⲉϩ nemeïareh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ nemekareh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ nemereareh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ nemefareh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ nemesareh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ nemenareh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ nemetetn̄areh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ nemeuareh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ nemere- areh | ||
| focalising | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲣⲉϩ ešaïareh | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ ešakareh | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ ešareareh | ⲉϣⲁϥⲁⲣⲉϩ ešafareh | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ ešasareh | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ ešanareh | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ ešatetn̄areh | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ ešauareh | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ ešare- areh | |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ eïeareh | ⲉⲕⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ ekeareh | ⲉⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ ereareh | ⲉϥⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ efeareh | ⲉⲥⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ eseareh | ⲉⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ eneareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ etetneareh | ⲉⲩⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ eueareh | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ ere- areh |
| negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄naareh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄nekareh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄neareh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄nefareh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄nesareh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄nenareh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄netn̄areh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄neuareh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄ne- areh | ||
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ mariareh | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ marefareh | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ maresareh | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ marn̄areh | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ marouareh | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ mare- areh | |
| negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pr̄traareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pr̄trefareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pr̄tresareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pr̄trenareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pr̄treuareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pr̄tre- areh | |||||
| subordinate clause | |||||||||||
| ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - | |||
| conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲧⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄taareh, taareh | ⲛ̄ⲅⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄gareh, n̄kareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄teareh | ⲛ̄ϥⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄fareh | ⲛ̄ⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄sareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tn̄areh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tetn̄areh | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄seareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄te- areh | ||
| future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ tariareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ tarekareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ tareareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ tarefareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ taresareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ tarn̄areh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ taretn̄areh | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ tarouareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ tare- areh | ||
| precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄teriareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄terekareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tereareh, n̄tererareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄terefareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄teresareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tern̄areh, n̄terenareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄teretn̄areh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄terouareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tere- areh | ||
| limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲁⲣⲉϩ šantiareh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ šantk̄areh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ šanteareh | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ šantf̄areh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ šants̄areh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ šantn̄areh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ šantetn̄areh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ šantouareh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ šante- areh | ||
| conditional | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ eïšanareh | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ ekšanareh | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ eršanareh, erešanareh | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ efšanareh | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ esšanareh | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ enšanareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ etetn̄šanareh | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ eušanareh | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ eršan- areh | |
| short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲁⲣⲉϩ eïareh | ⲉⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ ekareh | ⲉⲣⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ ereareh | ⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ efareh | ⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ esareh | ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ enareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉϩ etetn̄areh | ⲉⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ euareh | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲣⲉϩ ere- areh | ||
| negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ||||||||||
Noun
ⲁⲣⲉϩ • (areh) m
- (Sahidic, Bohairic) watch, guard
References
- Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 296
- Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 707
- Westendorf, Wolfhart (1977) Koptisches Handwörterbuch, page 569