ῥύομαι
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- εἰρύομαι (eirúomai) – Epic
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /r̥y̌ː.o.mai̯/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈry.o.mɛ/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈry.o.mɛ/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈry.o.me/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈri.o.me/
Verb
ῥῡ́ομαι • (rhū́omai) (Epic, Ionic, Tragic, Koine, rare in prose)
- to protect, guard, preserve
- to rescue, save, deliver
- to keep something dangerous away
- to thwart, curb
- to set free, ransom, redeem; to pay for
Usage notes
The form *ἐρύω (*erúō), under which Liddell and Scott and Cunliffe list the word, is unattested; instead the present stem takes the forms ῥυ- (rhu-) and εἰρυ- (eiru-) with long or short υ (u). Present (LSJ) or perfect (Cunliffe), and imperfect (LSJ) or pluperfect (Cunliffe) forms may be thematic or athematic.
The aorist has six possible stems: with long εἰ (ei), short ἐ (e), or no augment; double σσ (ss) or single σ (s) first aorist tense suffix; and long or short υ (u).
Inflection
Present: ῥῡ́ομαι (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | ῥῡ́ομαι | ῥῡ́εαι | ῥῡ́εται | ῥῡ́εσθον | ῥῡ́εσθον | ῥῡόμε(σ)θᾰ | ῥῡ́εσθε | ῥῡ́ονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ῥῡ́ωμαι, ῥῡώμαιμῐ | ῥῡ́ηαι, ῥῡ́ηαι | ῥῡ́ηται, ῥῡήταισῐ | ῥῡ́ησθον | ῥῡ́ησθον | ῥῡώμε(σ)θᾰ | ῥῡ́ησθε | ῥῡ́ωνται | |||||
| optative | ῥῡοίμην | ῥῡ́οιο | ῥῡ́οιτο | ῥῡ́οισθον | ῥῡοίσθην | ῥῡοίμε(σ)θᾰ | ῥῡ́οισθε | ῥῡοίᾰτο | |||||
| imperative | ῥῡ́εο | ῥῡέσθω | ῥῡ́εσθον | ῥῡέσθων | ῥῡ́εσθε | ῥῡέσθων | |||||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ῥῡ́εσθαι, ῥῦσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ῥῡόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | ῥῡομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ῥῡόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Present: ῥῠ́ομαι (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | ῥῠ́ομαι | ῥῠ́εαι | ῥῠ́εται | ῥῠ́εσθον | ῥῠ́εσθον | ῥῠόμε(σ)θᾰ | ῥῠ́εσθε | ῥῠ́ονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ῥῠ́ωμαι, ῥῠώμαιμῐ | ῥῠ́ηαι, ῥῠ́ηαι | ῥῠ́ηται, ῥῠήταισῐ | ῥῠ́ησθον | ῥῠ́ησθον | ῥῠώμε(σ)θᾰ | ῥῠ́ησθε | ῥῠ́ωνται | |||||
| optative | ῥῠοίμην | ῥῠ́οιο | ῥῠ́οιτο | ῥῠ́οισθον | ῥῠοίσθην | ῥῠοίμε(σ)θᾰ | ῥῠ́οισθε | ῥῠοίᾰτο | |||||
| imperative | ῥῠ́εο | ῥῠέσθω | ῥῠ́εσθον | ῥῠέσθων | ῥῠ́εσθε | ῥῠέσθων | |||||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ῥῠ́εσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ῥῠόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | ῥῠομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ῥῠόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Present: εἰρῡ́ομαι (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | εἰρῡ́ομαι | εἰρῡ́εαι | εἰρῡ́εται, ἔρῡται | εἰρῡ́εσθον | εἰρῡ́εσθον | εἰρῡόμε(σ)θᾰ | εἰρῡ́εσθε | εἰρῡ́ονται, εἰρῡ́αται, εἰρῠ́αται | ||||
| subjunctive | εἰρῡ́ωμαι, εἰρῡώμαιμῐ | εἰρῡ́ηαι, εἰρῡ́ηαι | εἰρῡ́ηται, εἰρῡήταισῐ | εἰρῡ́ησθον | εἰρῡ́ησθον | εἰρῡώμε(σ)θᾰ | εἰρῡ́ησθε | εἰρῡ́ωνται | |||||
| optative | εἰρῡοίμην | εἰρῡ́οιο | εἰρῡ́οιτο | εἰρῡ́οισθον | εἰρῡοίσθην | εἰρῡοίμε(σ)θᾰ | εἰρῡ́οισθε | εἰρῡοίᾰτο | |||||
| imperative | εἰρῡ́εο | εἰρῡέσθω | εἰρῡ́εσθον | εἰρῡέσθων | εἰρῡ́εσθε | εἰρῡέσθων | |||||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | εἰρῡ́εσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | εἰρῡόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | εἰρῡομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | εἰρῡόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ῥῡόμην (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | ῥῡόμην | ῥῡ́ου | ῥῡ́ετο | ῥῡ́εσθον | ῥῡέσθην | ῥῡόμε(σ)θᾰ | ῥῡ́εσθε | ῥῡ́οντο, ῥῡ́ατο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἐρῡόμην (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | ἐρῡόμην | ἐρῡ́ου, ἔρῡσο | ἐρῡ́ετο, ἔρῡτο | ἐρῡ́εσθον | ἐρῡέσθην | ἐρῡόμε(σ)θᾰ | ἐρῡ́εσθε | ἐρῡ́οντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: εἰρῠ́σσομαι (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | εἰρῠ́σσομαι | εἰρῠ́σσεαι | εἰρῠ́σσεται | εἰρῠ́σσεσθον | εἰρῠ́σσεσθον | εἰρῠσσόμε(σ)θᾰ | εἰρῠ́σσεσθε | εἰρῠ́σσονται | ||||
| optative | εἰρῠσσοίμην | εἰρῠ́σσοιο | εἰρῠ́σσοιτο | εἰρῠ́σσοισθον | εἰρῠσσοίσθην | εἰρῠσσοίμε(σ)θᾰ | εἰρῠ́σσοισθε | εἰρῠσσοίᾰτο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | εἰρῠ́σσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | εἰρῠσσόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | εἰρῠσσομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | εἰρῠσσόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: ἐρῠ́σσομαι (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐρῠ́σσομαι | ἐρῠ́σσεαι | ἐρῠ́σσεται | ἐρῠ́σσεσθον | ἐρῠ́σσεσθον | ἐρῠσσόμε(σ)θᾰ | ἐρῠ́σσεσθε | ἐρῠ́σσονται | ||||
| optative | ἐρῠσσοίμην | ἐρῠ́σσοιο | ἐρῠ́σσοιτο | ἐρῠ́σσοισθον | ἐρῠσσοίσθην | ἐρῠσσοίμε(σ)θᾰ | ἐρῠ́σσοισθε | ἐρῠσσοίᾰτο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἐρῠ́σσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐρῠσσόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | ἐρῠσσομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ἐρῠσσόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: ῥῡ́σομαι (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | ῥῡ́σομαι | ῥῡ́σεαι | ῥῡ́σεται | ῥῡ́σεσθον | ῥῡ́σεσθον | ῥῡσόμε(σ)θᾰ | ῥῡ́σεσθε | ῥῡ́σονται | ||||
| optative | ῥῡσοίμην | ῥῡ́σοιο | ῥῡ́σοιτο | ῥῡ́σοισθον | ῥῡσοίσθην | ῥῡσοίμε(σ)θᾰ | ῥῡ́σοισθε | ῥῡσοίᾰτο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ῥῡ́σεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ῥῡσόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | ῥῡσομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ῥῡσόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἐρρυσᾰ́μην (Koine)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐρρυσᾰ́μην | ἐρρύσω | ἐρρύσᾰτο | ἐρρύσᾰσθον | ἐρρυσᾰ́σθην | ἐρρυσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐρρύσᾰσθε | ἐρρύσᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ρύσωμαι | ρύσῃ | ρύσηται | ρύσησθον | ρύσησθον | ρυσώμεθᾰ | ρύσησθε | ρύσωνται | |||||
| optative | ρυσαίμην | ρύσαιο | ρύσαιτο | ρύσαισθον | ρυσαίσθην | ρυσαίμεθᾰ | ρύσαισθε | ρύσαιντο | |||||
| imperative | ρῦσαι | ρυσᾰ́σθω | ρύσᾰσθον | ρυσᾰ́σθων | ρύσᾰσθε | ρυσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ρύσᾰσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ρυσᾰ́μενος | |||||||||||
| f | ρυσᾰμένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ρυσᾰ́μενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἐρῠσᾰ́μην (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐρῠσᾰ́μην | ἐρῠ́σω | ἐρῠ́σᾰτο | ἐρῠ́σᾰσθον | ἐρῠσᾰ́σθην | ἐρῠσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ | ἐρῠ́σᾰσθε | ἐρῠ́σᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐρῠ́σωμαι, ἐρῠσώμαιμῐ | ἐρῠ́σηαι, ἐρῠ́σηαι | ἐρῠ́σηται, ἐρῠσήταισῐ | ἐρῠ́σησθον | ἐρῠ́σησθον | ἐρῠσώμε(σ)θᾰ | ἐρῠ́σησθε | ἐρῠ́σωνται | |||||
| optative | ἐρῠσαίμην | ἐρῠ́σαιο | ἐρῠ́σαιτο | ἐρῠ́σαισθον | ἐρῠσαίσθην | ἐρῠσαίμε(σ)θᾰ | ἐρῠ́σαισθε | ἐρῠσαίᾰτο | |||||
| imperative | ἔρῠσαι | ἐρῠσᾰ́σθω | ἐρῠ́σᾰσθον | ἐρῠσᾰ́σθων | ἐρῠ́σᾰσθε | ἐρῠσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἐρῠ́σᾰσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐρῠσᾰ́μενος | |||||||||||
| f | ἐρῠσᾰμένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ἐρῠσᾰ́μενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Aorist: εἰρῠσᾰ́μην (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | εἰρῠσᾰ́μην | εἰρῠ́σω | εἰρῠ́σᾰτο | εἰρῠ́σᾰσθον | εἰρῠσᾰ́σθην | εἰρῠσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ | εἰρῠ́σᾰσθε | εἰρῠ́σᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | εἰρῠ́σσωμαι, εἰρῠσσώμαιμῐ | εἰρῠ́σσηαι, εἰρῠ́σσηαι | εἰρῠ́σσηται, εἰρῠσσήταισῐ | εἰρῠ́σσησθον | εἰρῠ́σσησθον | εἰρῠσσώμε(σ)θᾰ | εἰρῠ́σσησθε | εἰρῠ́σσωνται | |||||
| optative | εἰρῠσσαίμην | εἰρῠ́σσαιο | εἰρῠ́σσαιτο | εἰρῠ́σσαισθον | εἰρῠσσαίσθην | εἰρῠσσαίμε(σ)θᾰ | εἰρῠ́σσαισθε | εἰρῠσσαίᾰτο | |||||
| imperative | εἴρῠσσαι | εἰρῠσσᾰ́σθω | εἰρῠ́σσᾰσθον | εἰρῠσσᾰ́σθων | εἰρῠ́σσᾰσθε | εἰρῠσσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | εἰρῠ́σσᾰσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | εἰρῠσσᾰ́μενος | |||||||||||
| f | εἰρῠσσᾰμένη | ||||||||||||
| n | εἰρῠσσᾰ́μενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἐρρῡσᾰ́μην (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐρρῡσᾰ́μην | ἐρρῡ́σω | ἐρρῡ́σᾰτο | ἐρρῡ́σᾰσθον | ἐρρῡσᾰ́σθην | ἐρρῡσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ | ἐρρῡ́σᾰσθε | ἐρρῡ́σᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ῥῡ́σωμαι, ῥῡσώμαιμῐ | ῥῡ́σηαι, ῥῡ́σηαι | ῥῡ́σηται, ῥῡσήταισῐ | ῥῡ́σησθον | ῥῡ́σησθον | ῥῡσώμε(σ)θᾰ | ῥῡ́σησθε | ῥῡ́σωνται | |||||
| optative | ῥῡσαίμην | ῥῡ́σαιο | ῥῡ́σαιτο | ῥῡ́σαισθον | ῥῡσαίσθην | ῥῡσαίμε(σ)θᾰ | ῥῡ́σαισθε | ῥῡσαίᾰτο | |||||
| imperative | ῥῦσαι | ῥῡσᾰ́σθω | ῥῡ́σᾰσθον | ῥῡσᾰ́σθων | ῥῡ́σᾰσθε | ῥῡσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ῥῡ́σᾰσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ῥῡσᾰ́μενος | |||||||||||
| f | ῥῡσᾰμένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ῥῡσᾰ́μενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
References
- “ἐρύω (B)”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ῥύομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ῥύομαι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ῥύομαι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ῥύομαι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ῥύομαι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G4506 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible